第15章 喜见佛佛史注释
15. Piyadassībuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā
善生佛之后,又经过一千八百劫,在某个劫中,有喜见、见义、见法三位佛陀出现于世。其中,名叫喜见的世尊圆满诸波罗蜜后,投生到兜率天,从那里命终后,在妙谷城善授王的第一王后——容颜如月的月天女胎中结生,经过十个月,在婆楼那园从母胎中诞生。在他命名那天,因为他向世人展示了种种可爱而殊胜的神变,大家就给他取名为“喜见”。他在家生活了九千年。据说他有三座高楼,分别叫极净、无垢、山广。以无垢大妃为首的三万三千名宫女随侍在他身边。
Sujātassa pana aparabhāge ito aṭṭhakappasatādhikasahassakappamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe piyadassī, atthadassī, dhammadassīti tayo buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Tattha piyadassī nāma bhagavā pāramiyo pūretvā tusitapure nibbattitvā tato cavitvā sudhaññavatīnagare sudattassa nāma rañño aggamahesiyā candasadisavadanāya candādeviyā nāma kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā dasannaṃ māsānaṃ accayena varuṇuyyāne mātukucchito nikkhami. Tassa pana nāmaggahaṇadivase lokassa piyānaṃ pāṭihāriyavisesānaṃ dassitattā ‘‘piyadassī’’tveva nāmamakaṃsu. So navavassasahassāni agāraṃ ajjhāvasi. Tassa kira sunimmalavimalagiribrahānāmakā tayo pāsādā ahesuṃ. Vimalāmahādevippamukhāni tettiṃsa itthisahassāni paccupaṭṭhitāni ahesuṃ.
他看见四种征兆之后,又在无垢妃生下儿子金蔓时,乘着良马宝车完成大出家,出家修行。另有一亿人也跟着他出家。这位大士被他们围绕,修了六个月的苦行。在吠舍佉月满月那天,他在婆楼那婆罗门村享用了婆苏婆婆罗门女儿供养的乳糜,在娑罗林中度过白天,接过活命者苏佳德给的八把草,走到迦古达菩提树旁,铺开五十三肘长的草座,盘腿而坐,证得一切知智,说出“多生流转……”的感叹语,就在那里度过了七个七天。他得知跟随自己出家的人有能力证悟圣法后,便以神通从空中前往,降落在牛王城附近的牛王园,由一亿比丘围绕,转动法轮。那时,一万亿众生得法现观。这是第一次现观。
So cattāri nimittāni disvā vimalādeviyā kañcanaveḷe nāma putte uppanne ājaññarathena mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā pabbaji. Ekā ca naṃ purisakoṭi anupabbaji. So tehi parivuto mahāpuriso cha māse padhānacariyaṃ caritvā visākhapuṇṇamāya varuṇabrāhmaṇagāme vasabhabrāhmaṇassa dhītāya dinnaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā sālavane divāvihāraṃ vītināmetvā sujātājīvakena dinnā aṭṭha tiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā kakudhabodhiṃ upasaṅkamitvā tepaññāsahatthavitthataṃ tiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭivijjhitvā ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’nti udānaṃ udānetvā tattheva sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā attanā saha pabbajitānaṃ ariyadhammapaṭivedhasamatthataṃ ñatvā ākāsena tattha gantvā usabhavatīnagarasamīpe usabhavatuyyāne otaritvā bhikkhukoṭiparivuto dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi. Tadā koṭisatasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Ayaṃ paṭhamo abhisamayo.
再说,在牛王城不远处,有一座善见山,那里住着一位名叫善见的天王。他持有邪见。整个赡部洲的人们每年都向他献上价值十万的供品。那位善见天王和一位人间的国王同坐一个座位,接受供品。那时,喜见世尊心想:“我要破除这位善见天王的那个邪见。”趁那位天王去参加夜叉集会时,世尊进入他的宫殿,登上吉祥床,放出六色光芒,像秋天里的太阳照在持双山上一样,坐在那里。他身边的天女侍从们用花鬘、香料、涂香等供养十力者,围绕着他站立。
Puna usabhavatiyā nāma nagarassa avidūre sudassanapabbate sudassano nāma devarājā paṭivasati. So micchādiṭṭhiko ahosi. Sakalajambudīpe pana manussā tassa anusaṃvaccharaṃ satasahassagghanikaṃ baliṃ upasaṃharanti. So sudassano devarājā nararājena saddhiṃ ekāsane nisīditvā baliṃ sampaṭicchati. Atha piyadassī bhagavā ‘‘tassa sudassanassa devarājassa taṃ diṭṭhigataṃ vinodessāmī’’ti tasmiṃ devarāje yakkhasamāgamaṃ gate tassa bhavanaṃ pavisitvā sirisayanaṃ āruhitvā chabbaṇṇaraṃsiyo muñcanto yugandharapabbate saradasamaye sūriyo viya nisīdi. Tassa parivāraparicārikā devatāyo mālāgandhavilepanādīhi dasabalaṃ pūjetvā parivāretvā aṭṭhaṃsu.
善见天王从夜叉集会回来,正往自己的宫殿走,看见宫中放出六色光芒,心里想:“以前别的日子,我这宫殿从没出现过这样无数光网交织辉耀的壮观景象。到底是谁进去了?是天神还是人?”他四处察看,看见世尊坐在那里,周身被六色光网环绕,光芒炽盛,就像秋天太阳升上山顶一样。他心想:“这个剃头沙门,竟然坐在我的随从眷属围绕中的尊贵宝座上。”他被怒火冲昏了心,想:“好,我就让他看看我的力量。”于是把整座山变成了一张火网。他再一看,想看看那剃头沙门是不是已经被火网烧成灰了,却见十力者身上种种光芒流散迸发,光网遍照,面容清净庄严,肤色明净光洁,赫赫照耀。他心想:“这沙门竟然扛得住火。好,我就用洪水把他冲倒淹死。”于是让极深的洪水朝宫殿涌去。
Sudassanopi devarājā yakkhasamāgamato āgacchanto attano bhavanato chabbaṇṇarasmiyo niccharante disvā cintesi – ‘‘aññesu pana divasesu mama bhavanassa edisī anekaraṃsijālasamujjalavibhūti na diṭṭhapubbā. Ko nu kho idha paviṭṭho devo vā manusso vā’’ti olokento udayagirisikharamatthake saradasamayadivasakaramiva chabbaṇṇaraṃsijālena abhijjalantaṃ nisinnaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ muṇḍakasamaṇo mama parivārena parijanena parivuto varasayane nisinno’’ti kodhābhibhūtamānaso – ‘‘handāhaṃ imassa attano balaṃ dassessāmī’’ti cintetvā sakalaṃ taṃ pabbataṃ ekajālamakāsi. ‘‘Iminā aggijālena chārikābhūto muṇḍakasamaṇo’’ti olokento anekaraṃsijālavisaravipphuritavarasarīraṃ pasannavadanavaṇṇasobhaṃ vippasannacchavirāgaṃ dasabalamabhijjalantaṃ disvā cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ samaṇo aggidāhaṃ sahati, handāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ udakoghena osādetvā māressāmī’’ti atigambhīraṃ udakoghaṃ vimānābhimukhaṃ pavattesi.
洪水灌满宫殿之后,坐在里面的世尊袈裟上连一丝水痕都没有沾到,身上连一根毫毛都没有湿。善见天王心想:“这沙门肯定没气了,死了。”于是把水收回去,再一看,只见世尊坐在自己的眷属围绕之中,就像秋天从雨云缝隙里透出来的月亮,放射出种种光芒交织的光网,光明照耀。他受不了自己丢了面子,心想:“好,我要杀了他。”便怒气冲冲地降下九种武器的暴雨。可是靠着世尊的威神力,所有武器都变成了种种极其美妙好看的芬芳花鬘,纷纷落在十力者的脚下。
Tato udakoghena puṇṇe tasmiṃ vimāne nisinnassa tassa bhagavato cīvare aṃsumattaṃ vā sarīre lomamattaṃ vā na temittha. Tato sudassano devarājā – ‘‘iminā samaṇo nirassāso mato bhavissatī’’ti mantvā udakaṃ saṅkhipitvā olokento bhagavantaṃ asitajaladharavivaragataṃ saradasamayarajanikaramiva vividharaṃsijālavisarena virocamānaṃ sakaparisaparivutaṃ nisinnaṃ disvā attano makkhaṃ asahamāno – ‘‘handa māressāmi na’’nti kodhena navavidhaāvudhavassaṃ vassesi. Athassa bhagavato ānubhāvena sabbāvudhāni nānāvidhaparamaruciradassanā surabhikusumamālā hutvā dasabalassa pādamūle nipatiṃsu.
善见天王看到这稀罕事之后,心里愤怒到了极点,就用双手抓住世尊的双脚,想把世尊从自己的宫殿里拖出去。他举起世尊,越过大海,一直到了轮围山,然后想:“这个沙门到底是活着还是死了?”他一看,却见世尊还坐在原来的座位上。于是他心想:“这个沙门有大威神力,我没法把他从这里赶走。要是有人知道我干了这事,我的名声可就丢大了。趁现在还没人看见,我把他放下就走吧。”
Tato taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā sudassano devarājā paramakupitamānaso bhagavantaṃ ubhohi hatthehi pādesu gahetvā attano bhavanato nīharitukāmo ukkhipitvā mahāsamuddaṃ atikkamitvā cakkavāḷapabbataṃ gantvā – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho samaṇo jīvati vā mato vā’’ti olokento tasmiṃyeva āsane nisinnaṃ disvā – ‘‘aho mahānubhāvo ayaṃ samaṇo, nāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ ito nikkaḍḍhituṃ sakkomi. Yadi hi maṃ koci jānissati, anappako me ayaso bhavissati. Yāvimaṃ koci na passati, tāva naṃ vissajjetvā gamissāmī’’ti cintesi.
这时,十力者知道了他的心思,就如此决意:让所有天与人都能看见他。那一天,整个赡部洲的一百零一位国王聚集起来,正是为了向他献上供养。那些国王看见善见天王握着世尊的双脚坐着,心想:“我们的天王正在侍奉法王——导师喜见世尊的双足。啊,佛陀真是稀有!啊,佛陀的功德真是殊胜!”他们对世尊生起净信,全都合掌举到头顶礼敬世尊,然后站在一旁。在那里,喜见世尊以善见天王为首,为他们宣说正法。当时,天与人中有九十俱胝千人证得阿罗汉果。这是第二次现观。
Atha dasabalo tassa cittācāraṃ ñatvā tathā adhiṭṭhāsi, yathā naṃ sabbe devamanussā passanti. Tasmiñca divase sakalajambudīpe ekasatarājāno tasseva upahāradānatthāya sannipatiṃsu. Te bhagavato pāde gahetvā nisinnaṃ sudassanaṃ devarājānaṃ nararājāno disvā – ‘‘amhākaṃ devarājā munirājassa piyadassissa satthuno pādaparicariyaṃ karoti, aho buddhā nāma acchariyā, aho buddhaguṇā visiṭṭhā’’ti bhagavati, pasannacittā sabbe bhagavantaṃ namassamānā sirasmiṃ añjaliṃ katvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Tattha piyadassī bhagavā taṃ sudassanaṃ devarājānaṃ pamukhaṃ katvā dhammaṃ desesi. Tadā devamanussānaṃ navutikoṭisahassāni arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. So dutiyo abhisamayo ahosi.
那时,在方圆九由旬的白莲城里,有个名叫首那的长老,像提婆达多一样与佛为敌。他和白莲王子商量后,杀了王子的父亲,又多次用各种办法想害死喜见佛,却始终没能得手。于是他把名叫多纳木卡的象王叫来,用好处引诱它,把这件事告诉它说:“只要这个喜见沙门进城托钵,你就放出那头名叫多纳木卡的宝象,把喜见沙门杀死。”
Yadā pana navayojanappamāṇe kumudanagare buddhapaccatthiko devadatto viya soṇatthero nāma mahāpadumakumārena saddhiṃ mantetvā tassa pitaraṃ ghātetvā puna piyadassībuddhassa vadhāya nānappakāraṃ payogaṃ katvāpi ghātetuṃ asakkonto so doṇamukhanāgarājārohaṃ pakkosāpetvā taṃ palobhetvā tamatthaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘yadā panāyaṃ samaṇo piyadassī imaṃ nagaraṃ piṇḍāya pavisati, tadā doṇamukhaṃ nāma gajavaraṃ vissajjetvā piyadassīsamaṇaṃ mārehī’’ti.
这时,那个驯象师根本不管这样做是福是祸,仗着国王宠爱,心想:“这个沙门说不定会让我丢掉现在的地位。”就答应道:“好。”第二天,他看准十力世尊入城的时机,来到那头宝象跟前。这头象额头顶部端正,额包圆润如金球,鼻端如弓般修长,双耳宽大柔软,眼如蜜色,肩背美好如车辕,臀部圆润丰满,下腹收隐,象牙洁净美丽如犁铧,尾毛美好,身色如堆积的云,具足一切相好,容颜美丽如雨云,行步如狮子般矫健优雅,宛如行走的大地之山,七处稳稳着地,七处喷着狂乱的浊液,浑身流着黏液,像活生生的死神一样。驯象师又用饭团、盐醋调料、香涂等种种办法,把它弄得比之前更加疯狂失控,然后把这头能挡敌军的大象——如同能制伏敌人的伊拉瓦纳象——驱赶出去,要它去杀害那位应受天人供养的寂静圣者。于是这头象中骄子像醉得发狂一般,撞死大象、水牛、马和男女众人,象牙和身体都被死伤者的鲜血染红,眼睛布满血丝。它一路撞毁大车、门扇、尖顶屋、城门牌楼等,乌鸦、鸢、秃鹫在它周围盘旋跟随,它撕扯吞食被杀的水牛、人、马、象等肢体,像食人的亚卡一样边撕边吃。它远远看见十力世尊被弟子众围绕走来,便像狂风或金翅鸟一样迅猛,直冲世尊扑去。
Atha so āroho hitāhitavicāraṇarahito rājavallabho – ‘‘ayaṃ samaṇo ṭhānantarāpi maṃ cāveyyā’’ti mantvā ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā dutiyadivase dasabalassa nagarappavesanasamayaṃ sallakkhetvā sujātamatthakapiṇḍakumbhanalāṭaṃ dhanusadisadīghasuṇḍataṭaṃ suvipulamudukaṇṇaṃ madhupiṅgalanayanaṃ sundarakkhandhāsanaṃ anuvaṭṭaghanajaghanaṃ nicitagūḷhajāṇuantaraṃ īsāsadisaruciradantaṃ suvāladhiṃ apacitamecakaṃ sabbalakkhaṇasampannaṃ asitajaladharasadisacārudassanaṃ sīhavikkantalalitagāminaṃ jaṅgamamiva dharādharaṃ sattappatiṭṭhaṃ sattadhā pabhinnaṃ sabbaso vissavantaṃ viggahavantamiva antakaṃ upasaṅkamitvā piṇḍakabaḷañjanadhūpalepādivisesehi bhiyyopi mattappamattaṃ katvā arivāraṇavāraṇaṃ erāvaṇavāraṇamiva arijanavāraṇaṃ munivāraṇaṃ māraṇatthāya pesesi. Atha so dviradavaro muttamattova gajamahiṃsaturaṅganaranāriyo hantvā hatarudhiraparirañjitasadantakarasarīro antajālapariyonaddhanayano sakaṭakavāṭakūṭāgāradvāratoraṇādīni bhañjitvā kāka-kulala-gijjhādīhi anupariyāyamāno hatamahiṃsanaraturaṅgadiradādīnaṃ aṅgāni ālumpitvā manussabhakkho yakkho viya bhakkhayanto dūratova dasabalaṃ sissagaṇaparivutaṃ āgacchantaṃ disvā anilagaruḷasadisavego vegena bhagavantamabhigañchi.
这时,城里的居民们心里充满了恐惧和焦灼,纷纷爬上宫殿、城墙和楼阁,看见那头大象朝着如来猛冲过来,都发出了惊恐的喊叫声。有些在家男信众试图用种种方法去阻拦它。就在那时,身为佛陀龙象的世尊,望着那头象王冲来,心中生起由悲悯扩展开来的清凉,以慈心遍满那头大象。于是,那头象王被慈心遍满的力量软化了,心相续变得柔软,意识到自己的嗔怒和过错,因羞愧而无法在世尊面前站立,仿佛要钻进地里一样,以头顶礼,伏倒在世尊脚边。就这样伏倒时,它那如同聚集的黑暗一般的身体,被霎时间的光芒所环绕,靠近了庄严金山之顶,闪耀得好像被落日余晖映照的乌云。
Atha puravāsino pana janā bhayasantāpaparipūritamānasā pāsādapākāracayatarūpagatā tathāgatābhimukhamabhidhāvantaṃ disvā hāhākārasaddamakaṃsu. Keci pana upāsakā taṃ nānappakārehi nayehi nivārayitumārabhiṃsu. Atha so buddhanāgo hatthināgamāyantamoloketvā karuṇāvipphārasītalahadayo mettāya taṃ phari. Tato so hatthināgo mettāpharaṇena mudukatahadayasantāno attano dosāparādhaṃ ñatvā lajjāya bhagavato purato ṭhātuṃ asakkonto pathaviyaṃ pavisanto viya sirasā bhagavato pādesu nipati. Evaṃ nipanno pana so timiranikarasadisasarīro sañchāppabhānurañjitavarakanakagirisikharasamīpamupagato asitasaliladharanikaro viya virocittha.
看到象王这样把头伏在牟尼之王的脚前顶礼,城里的人们内心充满了无比的喜悦,发出了“善哉”的狮子吼般的欢呼声。他们用芬芳的花朵、花环、栴檀香、香粉和各种装饰品等,以种种方式供养它。四周人们纷纷挥动布匹来庆贺,虚空中天鼓也奏响了妙音。这时,世尊看着那头像黑暗山巅一样伏在脚边的殊胜大象,用带有钩、幢、网、螺、轮等吉祥纹相的手掌,轻抚象王的头顶,为它宣说契合它心意的法:
Athevaṃ munirājapādamūle karirājānaṃ sirasā nipatantaṃ disvā nāgarajanā paramapītipūritahadayā sādhukārasīhanādaṃ ukkuṭṭhisaddaṃ pavattayiṃsu. Surabhikusumamālācandanagandhacuṇṇālaṅkārādīhi taṃ anekappakāraṃ pūjesuṃ. Samantato celukkhepā pavattiṃsu. Gaganatale suradundubhiyo abhinadiṃsu. Atha bhagavā tamasitagirisikharamiva pādamūle nipannaṃ diradavaraṃ oloketvā aṅkusadhajajālasaṅkhacakkālaṅkatena karatalena gajavaramatthakaṃ parāmasitvā tassa cittācārānukūlāya dhammadesanāya taṃ anusāsi –
象中至尊啊,请听我说的话,这番话与我的利益和目的相应,你应当亲近奉行。
放下你那种以杀戮为乐、心怀恶意的状态,去亲近寂静吧,可爱的长牙者啊。
象王啊,如果有人因为贪心、嗔恨或愚痴而去伤害众生,
那个杀生的人,就算过了极漫长的时间,也还是要在地狱里承受极其可怕的痛苦。
摩登伽啊,不要再做那样的事了,不要因为放逸或沉醉而造业。
杀生的人会堕入无间地狱,在那里度过整整一劫,承受无法忍受的痛苦。
在地狱里受尽极其惨烈的苦之后,如果还能再转生到人间,
他寿命短,相貌丑陋,性情凶暴,要承受种种痛苦。
就像众生都把自己的性命看得最珍贵一样,人群中的大象啊,正如你的生命为你所极珍爱。
同样地,知道别人的生命也是他所珍爱的,就应当避免杀生。
看清了伤害带来的过患,也看清了远离杀生的功德;
如果你想在来世投生天界、享受快乐,就该远离杀生。
远离杀生、善于调伏自己的人,在这世间就会招人喜爱、让人欢喜。
身体毁坏之后,佛陀们说他会投生到天界安住。
世间有人希望痛苦到来,但一切已生之人只求安乐。
所以,大龙象,放下伤害,你应当及时修习慈与悲。
‘‘Gajavara vadato suṇohi vācaṃ, mama hitamatthayutañca taṃ bhajāhi; Tava vadhanirataṃ paduṭṭhabhāvaṃ, apanaya santamupehi cārudanti. ‘‘Lobhena dosena ca mohato vā, yo pāṇino hiṃsati vāraṇinda; So pāṇaghātī sucirampi kālaṃ, dukkhaṃ sughoraṃ narakenubhoti. ‘‘Mākāsi mātaṅga punevarūpaṃ, kammaṃ pamādena madena vāpi; Avīciyaṃ dukkhamasayha kappaṃ, pappoti pāṇaṃ atipātayanto. ‘‘Dukkhaṃ sughoraṃ narakenubhotvā, manussalokaṃ yadi yāti bhiyyo; Appāyuko hoti virūparūpo, vihiṃsako dukkhavisesabhāgī. ‘‘Yathā ca pāṇā paramaṃ piyā te, mahājane kuñjara mandanāga; Tathā parassāpi piyāti ñatvā, pāṇātipāto parivajjanīyo. ‘‘Dose ca hiṃsānirate viditvā, pāṇātipātā virate guṇe ca; Pāṇātipātaṃ parivajjaya tvaṃ, sagge sukhaṃ icchasi ce parattha. ‘‘Pāṇātipātā virato sudanto, piyo manāpo bhavatīdha loke; Kāyassa bhedā ca paraṃ panassa, saggādhivāsaṃ kathayanti buddhā. ‘‘Dukkhāgamaṃ nicchati koci loke, sabbopi jāto sukhamesateva; Tasmā mahānāga vihāya hiṃsaṃ, bhāvehi mettaṃ karuṇañca kāle’’ti.
那头最优秀的大象在十力者的教导下恢复了正念,变得极其调柔,在调伏与威仪方面都圆满具足,就像一位被彻底调教的弟子。同样,喜见世尊也像我们的导师调伏财护大象那样,调伏了这头象王,然后在那个大众集会上宣说佛法。当时有八万俱胝众生现证了法。这是第三次现证。因此才这样说:
Athevaṃ dasabalenānusāsiyamāno dantivaro saññaṃ paṭilabhitvā paramavinīto vinayācārasampanno sisso viya ahosi. Evaṃ so piyadassī bhagavā amhākaṃ satthā viya dhanapālaṃ doṇamukhaṃ karivaraṃ damitvā tattha mahājanasamāgame dhammaṃ desesi. Tadā asītikoṭisahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Ayaṃ tatiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
善生佛之后,又有一位无师自悟的世间导师。
难以被战胜,无人能与他相比,喜见,名声广大。
‘‘Sujātassa aparena, sayambhū lokanāyako; Durāsado asamasamo, piyadassī mahāyaso.
那位佛陀同样拥有无量的名声,像太阳一样光芒照耀。
摧毁了一切黑暗之后,他转动了法轮。
‘‘Sopi buddho amitayaso, ādiccova virocati; Sabbaṃ tamaṃ nihantvāna, dhammacakkaṃ pavattayi.
对那位具足无比威力的佛陀,也曾有三次现观。
第一次现观,是在百千俱胝众生身上发生的。
‘‘Tassāpi atulatejassa, ahesuṃ abhisamayā tayo; Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamābhisamayo ahu.
善见天王却喜欢上了邪见;
导师为了消除他的邪见,为他宣说了法。
‘‘Sudassano devarājā, micchādiṭṭhimarocayi; Tassa diṭṭhiṃ vinodento, satthā dhammamadesayi.
那时,出现了无与伦比的众生大集会,一场盛大的集会。
第二次现观,有九万俱胝人众。
‘‘Janasannipāto atulo, mahāsannipatī tadā; Navutikoṭisahassānaṃ, dutiyābhisamayo ahu.
当那位调御众生的人,调伏了那头桶口象的时候,
八万俱胝众生达到了第三次现观。
‘‘Yadā doṇamukhaṃ hatthiṃ, vinesi narasārathi; Asītikoṭisahassānaṃ, tatiyābhisamayo ahū’’ti.
在妙吉祥城里,有两位朋友:一位是名叫帕利陀的王子,另一位是国师之子萨跋达萨库玛拉。当喜见正自觉者四处游化时,他们听说“正自觉者已经来到自己的城市”,就带领百千俱胝的随从前去迎接,听了他的法,做了七天大布施,到第七天,在世尊随喜供养结束时,和百千俱胝的人一起出家,证得了阿罗汉果。世尊在他们中间诵戒,这是第一次集会。后来,在善见天王的集会上,有九十俱胝人证得阿罗汉果。导师被他们围绕,诵戒,这是第二次集会。再后来,在调伏桶口象的因缘中,有八十俱胝人出家并证得阿罗汉果。世尊在他们中间诵戒,这是第三次集会。因此说:
Sumaṅgalanagare pālito nāma rājaputto ca purohitaputto sabbadassikumāro cāti dve sahāyakā ahesuṃ. Te piyadassimhi sammāsambuddhe cārikaṃ carante ‘‘attano nagaraṃ sampatto’’ti sutvā koṭisatasahassaparivārā paccuggamanaṃ katvā tassa dhammaṃ sutvā sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ datvā sattame divase bhagavato bhattānumodanāvasāne koṭisatasahassehi saddhiṃ pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Tesaṃ pana majjhe bhagavā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so paṭhamo sannipāto ahosi. Athāparena samayena sudassanadevarājassa samāgame navutikoṭiyo arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Tehi parivuto satthā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, ayaṃ dutiyo sannipāto ahosi. Puna doṇamukhavinayane asītikoṭiyo pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Tesaṃ majjhe bhagavā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, ayaṃ tatiyo sannipāto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
这位可爱的善见佛,也有过三次集会。
第一次集会有百千俱胝(那么多)人。
‘‘Sannipātā tayo āsuṃ, tassāpi piyadassino; Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamo āsi samāgamo.
从那以后,又有九十俱胝位牟尼聚集在一起;
第三次集会时,有八十俱胝。
‘‘Tato paraṃ navutikoṭī, samiṃsu ekato munī; Tatiye sannipātamhi, asītikoṭiyo ahū’’ti.
那时,我们的菩萨是一位名叫迦叶的婆罗门青年,他精通三部吠陀以及作为第五部的历史传说。听了导师说法之后,他以百千俱胝的财物进行布施,建了一座名叫“极乐园”的僧园,并安立于皈依和五戒之中。于是,导师为他授记:“从今往后过十八百劫,世间将会出现一位名叫乔达摩的佛陀。”因此说了这样的话:
Tadā amhākaṃ bodhisatto kassapo nāma brāhmaṇamāṇavo itihāsapañcamānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā koṭisatasahassapariccāgena paramārāmaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāretvā saraṇesu ca pañcasīlesu ca patiṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ satthā – ‘‘ito aṭṭhārasakappasataccayena gotamo nāma buddho loke bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
那时,我就是名叫迦叶的婆罗门。
我是讽诵吠陀的人,持诵咒文,已经精通三部吠陀。
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, kassapo nāma brāhmaṇo; Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū.
我听了他的法之后,生起了净信。
我以百千俱胝建造了僧园。
‘‘Tassa dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, pasādaṃ janayiṃ ahaṃ; Koṭisatasahassehi, saṅghārāmaṃ amāpayiṃ.
我布施了园林给他之后,满心欢喜,又心生警醒。
我把皈依和五戒牢牢地受持下来。
‘‘Tassa datvāna ārāmaṃ, haṭṭho saṃviggamānaso; Saraṇe pañcasīle ca, daḷahaṃ katvā samādiyiṃ.
那位佛陀也坐在僧团中间,对我授记:
再过十八百劫,这个人会成为佛陀。
‘‘Sopi maṃ buddho byākāsi, saṅghamajjhe nisīdiya; Aṭṭhārase kappasate, ayaṃ buddho bhavissati.
‘‘Padhānaṃ padahitvāna…pe… hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
听了他的话之后,我的心更加生起净信。
为了圆满十波罗蜜,我更进一步地坚定受持戒行。
‘‘Tassāpi vacanaṃ sutvā, bhiyyo cittaṃ pasādayiṃ; Uttariṃ vatamadhiṭṭhāsiṃ, dasapāramipūriyā’’ti.
这里,“皈依和五戒”指的是三皈依和五戒。“十八百劫”的意思是,从此经过了一千八百劫。
Tattha saraṇe pañcasīle cāti tīṇi saraṇāni pañca sīlāni cāti attho. Aṭṭhārase kappasateti ito aṭṭhasatādhikassa kappasahassassa accayenāti attho.
这位世尊的都城名叫善法城。父亲是名为善施的国王,母亲是名为善香的王后。巴利陀和一切见是两位上首弟子,庄严是侍者,善生女和法乐是两位上首比丘尼。菩提树是迦拘陀。佛身高八十肘,寿命九万岁。名为无垢的是他的上首王后,名为金环的是他的儿子,他乘坐骏马宝车出家。因此说道——
Tassa pana bhagavato sudhaññaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Pitā sudatto nāma rājā, mātā sucandā nāma devī, pālito ca sabbadassī ca dve aggasāvakā, sobhito nāmupaṭṭhāko, sujātā ca dhammadinnā ca dve aggasāvikā, kakudharukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navutivassasahassāni āyu, vimalā nāmassa aggamahesī ahosi, kañcanāveḷo nāma putto, so ājaññarathena nikkhamīti. Tena vuttaṃ –
有一座城叫善稻城,有一位刹帝利叫善施。
喜见导师的生母名叫旃陀。
‘‘Sudhaññaṃ nāma nagaraṃ, sudatto nāma khattiyo; Candā nāmāsi janikā, piyadassissa satthuno.
巴利陀与一切见,这两位是上首弟子。
名叫索毗塔的侍者,是导师喜见佛的侍者。
‘‘Pālito sabbadassī ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā; Sobhito nāmupaṭṭhāko, piyadassissa satthuno.
善生女和法喜是上首女弟子;
这棵菩提树属于那位世尊,被称为咖拘陀树。
‘‘Sujātā dhammadinnā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā; Bodhi tassa bhagavato, kakudhoti pavuccati.
那位佛陀同样名声无可比拟,具备三十二种殊胜相好;
身高八十肘,看上去就像一棵娑罗树王。
‘‘Sopi buddho amitayaso, dvattiṃsavaralakkhaṇo; Asītihatthamubbedho, sālarājāva dissati.
火、月、太阳的光辉,都没有像那样的光明。
就像那位无与伦比的大仙,他的光辉曾是如此。
‘‘Aggicandasūriyānaṃ, natthi tādisikā pabhā; Yathā ahu pabhā tassa, asamassa mahesino.
那位天中之天的寿命,也有那么长。
具眼者在这个世间住立了九万年。
‘‘Tassāpi devadevassa, āyu tāvatakaṃ ahu; Navutivassasahassāni, loke aṭṭhāsi cakkhumā.
那位佛陀同样是无与伦比的,那些双贤弟子也是无可比拟的;
那一切都已消失不见,难道一切诸行不都是空的吗?
‘‘Sopi buddho asamasamo, yugānipi tāni atuliyāni; Sabbaṃ tamantarahitaṃ, nanu rittā sabbasaṅkhārā’’ti.
在这里,所谓娑罗树王,是指它繁花盛开,极其赏心悦目,树干圆满匀称,看起来就像娑罗树王。“那些双贤”指的是上首弟子双贤等一对一对的弟子。其余各偈中,各处文义都很直白。
Tattha sālarājā vāti sabbaphāliphullo paramaramaṇīyadassano samavaṭṭakkhandho sālarājā viya dissati. Yugānipi tānīti aggasāvakayugādīni yugaḷāni. Sesagāthāsu sabbattha uttānamevāti.