礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者巴利
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
论藏(抄本)
296 段
结集的问答巴利
Saṃgāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā
问:贤友,在第一次大结集的时候,结集法的诸位长老——大迦叶等人这些大长老,也就是最早进行结集的人——先结集了律藏,又结集了经藏中被称为长部、中部、相应部、增支部的四大部集。在这之后,他们又结集了什么名称的教法呢?巴利
Pucchā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle āvuso dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā porāṇasaṃgītikārā paṭhamaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ saṃgāyitvā suttantapiṭake ca dīghamajjhimasaṃyuttaaṅguttarasaṃkhāte cattāro mahānikāye saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ kiṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
尊者,在第一次大结集的时候,以持法者大迦叶等人为首的诸位大长老、古时的结集者们,先结集了律藏,又结集了经藏中被称为长部、中部、相应部、增支部的四部,紧接着之后,他们结集了名为阿毗达摩藏的教法。巴利
Vissajjanā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle bhante dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā porāṇasaṃgītikārā paṭhamaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ saṃgāyitvā suttantapiṭake ca dīghamajjhimasaṃyuttaaṅguttarasaṃkhāte cattāro nikāye saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
问:贤友,在这第六次结集里,整部律藏都结集了,那四大部集也都结集了。贤友,现在到了结集阿毗达摩藏的时候,所以我要把在那里应当问的问题提出来。贤友,这个阿毗达摩,到底是依什么含义而被称为阿毗达摩呢?巴利
Pucchā – imissampi āvuso chaṭṭhasaṃgītiyaṃ sakalañceva vinayapiṭakaṃ saṃgītaṃ, te ca cattāro mahānikāyā. Kālo dāni āvuso sampatto abhidhammapiṭakaṃ saṃgāyituṃ, tasmāhaṃ taṃ tattha pucchitabbāni pucchissāmi. Abhidhammo nāmesa āvuso kenaṭṭhena abhidhammoti vuccati.
回答:尊者,从“法增上”和“法殊胜”的意义上来说,这被称为阿毗达摩。巴利
Vissajjanā – dhammātireka dhammavisesaṭṭhena bhante abhidhammoti vuccati.
问:贤友,那么这部阿毗达摩,是由谁、在什么地方、什么时候证得的?巴利
Pucchā – so panesa āvuso abhidhammo kena kattha kadā ca adhigato.
回答:尊者,那位一切知佛陀确实是在大菩提座下,于卫塞月满月之日,如实地证得了这部阿毗达摩。巴利
Vissajjanā – so kho bhante abhidhammo sabbaññubuddhena mahābodhimaṇḍamūle vesākhapuṇṇamiyaṃ yathābhūtaṃ adhigato.
问:贤友,那么这部阿毗达摩是世尊在哪里、什么时候审察的?巴利
Pucchā – kattha panesa āvuso abhidhammo bhagavatā kadā ca vicito.
回答:尊者,那位世尊确实是在大菩提座旁的宝屋里,用七天时间审察了这部阿毗达摩。巴利
Vissajjanā – so kho bhante abhidhammo bhagavatā mahābodhimaṇḍe ratanagharasattāhe vicito.
问:贤友,那么这部阿毗达摩是世尊在哪里、什么时候、为了谁而宣说的呢?巴利
Pucchā – kattha panesa āvuso abhidhammo bhagavatā kadā kassatthāya ca desito.
回答:尊者,这位世尊在成等正觉之后的第七个雨安居期间,来到三十三天的波利质多罗树脚下、白苔石上,以母亲为上首,为一万轮围世界前来聚集的诸天渡脱四种瀑流,而在雨安居期间宣说了这部阿毗达摩。巴利
Vissajjanā – so kho bhante abhidhammo bhagavatā devesu tāvatiṃsesu pāricchattakamūlamhi paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ abhisambodhito sattame vasse mātaraṃ pamukhaṃ katvā dasahi cakkavāḷasahassehi āgamma sannisinnānaṃ devatānaṃ caturoghanittharaṇatthāya anto vassaṃ desito.
问:贤友,这部阿毗达摩最初是在人间由谁领受的?后来又是他向来谁宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – kenesa āvuso abhidhammo paṭhamaṃ manussaloke patiggahito, kassa ca puna tena desito.
回答:尊者,这部阿毗达摩最初是在人间由具寿舍利弗长老——法将——领受的,也正是由那位具寿舍利弗长老,为他自己的五百位共住比丘弟子宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – āyasmatā bhante sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā esa abhidhammo paṭhamaṃ manussaloke patiggahito, teneva bhante āyasmatā sāriputtattherena attano saddhivihārikānaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ desito.
问:贤友,哪些人在修学?巴利
Pucchā – ke āvuso sikkhanti.
释放:尊者,有学众和凡夫善者都在修学。巴利
Vissajjanā – sekhā ca bhante puthujjanā kalyāṇakā ca sikkhanti.
问:贤友,哪些人是学已修毕者?巴利
Pucchā – ke āvuso sikkhitasikkhā.
回答:尊者,阿拉汉们是已修学圆满的人。巴利
Vissajjanā – arahanto bhante sikkhitasikkhā.
提问:贤友,哪些人持守?巴利
Pucchā – ke āvuso dhārenti.
回答:尊者,凡是它存在于谁那里,他们就是持守者。巴利
Vissajjanā – yesaṃ bhante vattati, te dhārenti.
问:贤友,这是谁说的话?巴利
Pucchā – kassa āvuso vacanaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者的话。巴利
Vissajjanā – bhagavato bhante vacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.
问:贤友,这是由谁带来的?巴利
Pucchā – kenāvuso ābhataṃ.
回答:尊者,这是世代辗转传下来的。巴利
Vissajjanā – paraṃparāya bhante ābhataṃ.
问:贤友,这部阿毗达摩依《法集论》《分别论》等论典的划分,一共有七种。其中,世尊最初说的是哪一部论?巴利
Pucchā – so panesa āvuso abhidhammo dhammasaṅgaṇivibhaṅgādipakaraṇaparicchedavasena sattavidho. Tesu paṭhamaṃ bhagavatā kataraṃ pakaraṇaṃ desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,世尊最初宣说的是《法集论》。巴利
Vissajjanā – paṭhamaṃ bhante dhammasaṅgaṇipakaraṇaṃ bhagavatā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在《法集论》里有论母,也有句分别。其中,世尊安立论母时,是怎么安立的?巴利
Pucchā – dhammasaṅgaṇiyaṃ āvuso atthi mātikā, atthi padabhājanīyaṃ. Tesu mātikaṃ nikkhipantena bhagavatā kataṃ nikkhittā.
回答:尊者,世尊在安立论母时,是以二十二种三法的方式,比如“善法、不善法、无记法;与乐受相应的法、与苦受相应的法、与不苦不乐受相应的法;果报法、果报法之法、非果报非果报法之法”等等;比如“因法、非因法;有因法、无因法……”等等,来安立论母的。巴利
Vissajjanā – mātikaṃ bhante nikkhipantena bhagavatā ‘‘kusalā dhammā akusalā dhammā abyākatā dhammā. Sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttā dhammā dukkhāya vedanāya sampayuttā dhammā adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya sampayuttā dhammā. Vipākā dhammā vipākadhammadhammā nevavipākanavipākadhammadhammā’’ti evamādinā dvāvīsatiyā tikānaṃ vasena. ‘‘Hetū dhammā na hetū dhammā. Sahetukā dhammā ahetukā dhammā.
与因相应的法、与因不相应的法;既是因又是有因的法,是有因而非因的法;既是因又与因相应的法,是与因相应而非因的法;而非因的法,或是有因,或是无因——像这样等等,也按照一百种二法的方式安立了论母。巴利
Hetusampayuttā dhammā hetuvippayuttā dhammā. Hetū ceva dhammā sahetukā ca sahetukā ceva dhammā na ca hetū. Hetū ceva dhammā hetusampayuttā ca hetusampayuttā ceva dhammā na ca hetū. Na hetū kho pana dhammā sahetukāpi ahetukāpī’’ti evamādinā dukasatānañca vasena mātikā nikkhittā.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《法集论》的《句分别》的《心生品》中,世尊在分别解说“善法”这个词的含义时,是怎样把欲界善详细地分别开来加以宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso dhammasaṅgaṇiyaṃ padabhājanīye cittuppādakaṇḍe kusalā dhammātipadassa atthaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā kathaṃ kāmāvacarakusalaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏《法集论》的《心生品》中,世尊在分别解说“善法”这个词的含义时,用这样的方式详细分析了欲界善:“哪些法是善法?当欲界善心生起时,与喜俱行、与智相应,无论所缘是色、声、香、味、触、法,或者依任何一种所缘——那时就有触、有受、有想、有思、有心、有寻、有伺、有喜、有乐、有心一境性。”如此等等,以三大品分别并宣说了欲界善。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante dhammasaṅgaṇipakaraṇe cittuppādakaṇḍe kusalā dhammāti padassa atthaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā ‘‘katame dhammā kusalā. Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti somanassasahagataṃ ñāṇasampayuttaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ vā saddārammaṇaṃ vā gandhārammaṇaṃ vā rasārammaṇaṃ vā phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaṃ vā dhammārammaṇaṃ vā yaṃ yaṃ vā panārabbha. Tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti vedanā hoti saññā hoti cetanā hoti cittaṃ hoti vitakko hoti vicāro hoti pīti hoti sukhaṃ hoti cittassekaggatā hotī’’ti evamādinā kāmāvacarakusalaṃ tīhi mahāvārehi vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《法集论》的《心生品》中,世尊在分别解说“善法”这个词的含义时,是怎样把色界善和无色界善详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso dhammasaṅgaṇīpāḷiyaṃ cittuppādakaṇḍe kusalā dhammāti padassa atthaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā kathaṃ rūpāvacarakusalañca arūpāvacarakusalañca vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:色界善法和无色界善法。尊者,哪些是善法呢?当有人为了投生色界而修习道时,他远离种种欲乐,远离种种不善法,带着寻和伺,由远离而生起喜和乐,进入并安住于初禅,所缘是地遍——世尊就是这样详细宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – rūpāvacarakusalañca arūpāvacarakusalañca bhante ‘‘katame dhammā kusalā. Yasmiṃ samaye rūpūpapattiyā maggaṃ bhāveti vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savitakkaṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati pathavīkasiṇa’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏的《法集论》心生起品中,世尊在分别“善法”这个词的含义时,是怎样详细分别并宣说出世间善的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso dhammasaṅgaṇīpāḷiyaṃ cittuppādakaṇḍe kusalā dhammāti padassa atthaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā kathaṃ lokuttarakusalaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:在阿毗达摩藏的《法集论》心生起品中,世尊在分别“善法”这个词的含义时,详细地分别并宣说了出世间善:“哪些法是善?当于某时修习出世间禅那,它能导向出离、能减损轮回,为了断除诸见、为了证得初地,远离诸欲……乃至……成就初禅而住,苦行道、迟通达。”等等。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante dhammasaṅgaṇiyaṃ cittuppādakaṇḍe kusalā dhammāti padassa atthaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā ‘‘katame dhammā kusalā. Yasmiṃ samaye lokuttaraṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti niyyānikaṃ apacayagāmiṃ diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāya paṭhamāya bhūmiyā pattiyā vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati dukkhapaṭipadaṃ dandhābhiñña’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā lokuttarakusalaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
提问:贤友,世尊就在那里解释“不善法”这个论母词条的含义时,是怎样详细分别而宣说不善法的?巴利
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso akusalā dhammāti mātikāpadassa atthaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā kathaṃ akusalaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答——尊者,世尊就在那里阐释“不善法”这个论母词句的含义时,详细分别并宣说了不善法:“哪些法是不善?当某个时候,不善心生起,与喜俱行,与邪见相应,以色为所缘,或以声为所缘,或以香为所缘,或以味为所缘,或以触为所缘,或以法为所缘,或随任何一种所缘而生起。就在那个时候,有触、有受、有想、有思、有心。”像这样,以种种方式详细分别之后宣说了不善法。巴利
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante akusalā dhammāti mātikāpadassa atthaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā ‘‘katame dhammā akusalā. Yasmiṃ samaye akusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti somanassasahagataṃ diṭṭhigatasampayuttaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ vā saddhārammaṇaṃ vā gandhārammaṇaṃ vā rasārammaṇaṃ vā phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaṃ vā dhammārammaṇaṃ vā yaṃ yaṃ vā panārabbha. Tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti vedanā hoti saññā hoti cetanā hoti cittaṃ hotī’’ti evamādinā akusalaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《法集论》的“心生起品”和“色品”中,世尊在详细分析“无记法”这个论母词句的含义时,是怎样详细分别并宣说无记法的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso dhammasaṅgaṇīpāḷiyaṃ cittuppādakaṇḍarūpakaṇḍesu abyākatā dhammāti mātikāpadassa atthaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā kathaṃ abyākatā dhammā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答——尊者,在阿毗达摩藏的《法集论》中,世尊在解释“无记法”这个词的含义时,在心生起品里这样详细分别宣说:“哪些法是无所记别的?当某个时候,由于欲界善业已经造作、已经积集,作为其果报,舍俱的、以色为所缘的眼识生起。那个时候,有触、有受、有想、有思、有心……”;在色品里也同样宣说:“哪些法是无所记别的?善业和不善业的果报——属于欲界、色界、无色界以及不属于任何界的受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴;还有那些唯作的法,既不是善也不是不善,也不是业的果报;以及一切色法和无为界。这些法就是无所记别的法。”世尊就这样详细分别宣说了无记法。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante dhammasaṅgaṇiyaṃ abyākatā dhammāti padassa atthaṃ vibhajantena bhagavatā ‘‘katame dhammā abyākatā. Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacarassa kusalassa kammassa katattā upacitattā vipākaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ uppannaṃ hoti upekkhāsahagataṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ. Tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti vedanā hoti saññā hoti cetanā hoti cittaṃ hotī’’ti evamādinā ca cittuppādakaṇḍe, rūpakaṇḍe ca ‘‘katame dhammā abyākatā. Kusalākusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ vipākā kāmāvacarā rūpāvacarā arūpāvacarā apariyāpannā vedanākkhandho saññākkhandho saṅkhārakkhandho viññāṇakkhandho. Ye ca dhammā kiriyā neva kusalā nākusalā na ca kammavipākā. Sabbañca rūpaṃ asaṅkhatā ca dhātu. Ime dhammā abyākatā’’ti evamādinā ca abyākatā dhammā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
提问——贤友,在七部阿毗达摩论中,世尊在《分别论》里讲了多少种分别?巴利
Pucchā – sattasu āvuso abhidhammappakaraṇesu vibhaṅgappakaraṇe bhagavatā kati vibhaṅgā desitā.
回答——尊者,在阿毗达摩藏的七部论中,第二部是《分别论》。在这部论里,世尊宣说了十八种分别:蕴分别、处分别、界分别、谛分别、根分别、缘起分别、念处分别、正勤分别、神足分别、觉支分别、道支分别、禅那分别、无量分别、学处分别、无碍解分别、智分别、小事分别、法心分别。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante sattasu pakaraṇesu dutiye vibhaṅgappakaraṇe khandhavibhaṅgo āyatanavibhaṅgo dhātuvibhaṅgo saccavibhaṅgo indriyavibhaṅgo paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅgo satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgo sammappadhānavibhaṅgo iddhipādavibhaṅgo bojjhaṅgavibhaṅgo maggaṅgavibhaṅgo jhānavibhaṅgo appamaññāvibhaṅgo sikkhāpadavibhaṅgo paṭisambhidāvibhaṅgo ñāṇavibhaṅgo khuddakavatthuvibhaṅgo dhammahadayavibhaṅgoti bhagavatā aṭṭhārasa vibhaṅgā desitā.
提问:贤友,在这十八种分别中,第一种蕴分别里,世尊是怎样把诸蕴详细分别之后宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tesu āvuso aṭṭhārasasu vibhaṅgesu paṭhame khandhavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ khandhā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答——尊者,在这十八种分别中,第一是蕴分别。世尊在其中以三种大方式详尽地分别并宣说了诸蕴,即经分别、论分别和问难,他说:“五蕴:色蕴、受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴。其中,什么是色蕴?凡是任何色,无论过去、未来、现在,无论内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,把它们总合起来、归纳起来,这称为色蕴。”等等。巴利
Vissajjanā – tesu bhante aṭṭhārasasu vibhaṅgesu paṭhame khandhavibhaṅge ‘‘pañcakkhandhā rūpakkhandho vedanākkhandho saññākkhandho saṅkhārakkhandho viññāṇakkhandho. Tattha katamo rūpakkhandho, yaṃkiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, tadekajjhaṃ abhisaññūhitvā abhisaṅkhipitvā ayaṃ vuccati rūpakkhandho’’ti evamādinā suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahānayehi bhagavatā khandhā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
提问:贤友,那么在第二处分别里,世尊是如何把诸处详细分别之后宣说的呢?巴利
Pucchā – dutiye pana āvuso āyatanavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ āyatanāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
回答——在第二处分别里,尊者,世尊用经分别、论分别、问难分别这三种方式,详细地分别并宣说了诸处:“十二处:眼处、色处、耳处、声处、鼻处、香处、舌处、味处、身处、触处、意处、法处。眼是无常、苦、无我、变易法;色是无常、苦、无我、变易法”等等,以此等方式。巴利
Vissajjanā – dutiye bhante āyatanavibhaṅge ‘‘dvādasāyatanāni cakkhāyatanaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ sotāyatanaṃ saddāyatanaṃ ghānāyatanaṃ gandhāyatanaṃ jivhāyatanaṃ rasāyatanaṃ kāyāyatanaṃ phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ manāyatanaṃ dhammāyatanaṃ. Cakkhuṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, rūpā aniccā dukkhā anattā vipariṇāmadhammā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi tīheva āyatanāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
提问——贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《分别论》的第三界分别中,世尊是如何详尽地分别并宣说诸界的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso vibhaṅgappakaraṇe tatiye dhātuvibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ dhātuyo vitthārena vibhajitvā desitā.
回答——尊者,在第三界分别中,世尊以经分别、论分别、问难分别这三种大方法,把诸界详细地分别之后宣说了:“六界:地界、水界、火界、风界、空界、识界。”巴利
Vissajjanā – tatiye bhante dhātuvibhaṅge ‘‘cha dhātuyo pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātu ākāsadhātu viññāṇadhātū’’ti bhante suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahānayehi bhagavatā dhātuyo vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
问:贤友,那么在第四品《谛分别》里,世尊是怎样详细分别并宣说诸谛的?巴利
Pucchā – catutthe pana āvuso saccavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ saccāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
回答——在第四品《谛分别》中,世尊这样详细分别并宣说了诸谛:先说“四圣谛:苦圣谛、苦集圣谛、苦灭圣谛、趣向苦灭之道圣谛。其中,什么是苦圣谛?生是苦,老是苦,死是苦,愁、悲、苦、忧、恼是苦,与不喜欢的人事物相遇是苦,与喜欢的人事物分离是苦,想要却得不到也是苦;简单来说,五取蕴就是苦”,然后通过经分别、论分别和问难这三种大方法,对诸谛作了详细分别解说。巴利
Vissajjanā – catutthe bhante saccavibhaṅge ‘‘cattāri ariyasaccāni dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ. Tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati, tampi dukkhaṃ, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā’’ti evamādinā suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahānayehi bhagavatā saccāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
提问——贤友,那么,在第五个《根分别》里,世尊是怎样把诸根详细分别之后宣说的呢?巴利
Pucchā – pañcame pana āvuso indriyavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ indriyāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
回答——尊者,在第五品《根分别》中,世尊以“二十二根:眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根、意根……中略……具知根”等说法,通过被称为论分别和问难这两种大方法,详细地分别解说了诸根。巴利
Vissajjanā – pañcame pana bhante indriyavibhaṅge ‘‘bāvīsatindriyāni cakkhundriyaṃ sotindriyaṃ ghānindriyaṃ jivhindriyaṃ kāyindriyaṃ manindriyaṃ…pe… aññātāvindriya’’nti evamādinā abhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi dvīhi mahānayehi bhagavatā indriyāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
缘起分别巴利
Paṭiccasamuppāda vibhaṅga
提问——贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《分别论》第六品《缘起分别》中,世尊是如何详细分别解说缘起的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso vibhaṅgappakaraṇe chaṭṭhe paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ paṭiccasamuppādo vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在第六品《缘起分别》中,世尊以“无明缘行……乃至……如此而有集起”等语,通过经分别和论分别这两种大方法,详细地分别解说了缘起。巴利
Vissajjanā – chaṭṭhe bhante paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅge ‘‘avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā…pe… samudayo hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā paṭiccasamuppādo suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyasaṅkhātehi dvīhi mahānayehi vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
念处分别巴利
Satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅga
问:贤友,在第七品《念处分别》里,世尊是怎样把诸念处详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – sattame pana āvuso satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ satipaṭṭhānā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答:尊者,在第七品《念处分别》里,世尊用“有四念处:在这里,比丘于内身随观身而住,于外身随观身而住,于内外身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧”这样的说法开头,通过经分别、论分别、问答这三种大方法,把诸念处详细地分别解说。巴利
Vissajjanā – sattame bhante satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅge ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhānā idha bhikkhu ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassa’’nti evamādinā suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahānayehi bhagavatā satipaṭṭhānā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
正精进分别巴利
Sammappadhānavibhaṅga
问:贤友,在第八品《正勤分别》中,世尊是怎样详细地分别解说四正勤的?巴利
Pucchā – aṭṭhame pana āvuso sammappadhānavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ sammappadhānā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答——在第八品《正勤分别》中,世尊这样详细地分别解说了四正勤:“有四种正勤。在这里,比丘为了让还没有生起的恶不善法不生起,就生起意欲,努力,激发精进,策励心,精勤;为了让已经生起的恶不善法断除,就生起意欲,努力,激发精进,策励心,精勤;为了让还没有生起的善法生起,就生起意欲,努力,激发精进,策励心,精勤;为了让已经生起的善法保持住、不丢失、继续增长、广大、修习、圆满,就生起意欲,努力,激发精进,策励心,精勤。”世尊就是以这样的方式,把四正勤详细地分别开来加以宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – aṭṭhame bhante sammappadhānavibhaṅge ‘‘cattāro sammappadhānā idha bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā sammappadhānā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
提问:贤友,在第九个神足分别里,世尊是怎样详细地分别解说神足的?巴利
Pucchā – navame pana āvuso iddhipādavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ iddhipādā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答:在第九品,尊者,在神足分别中,世尊以三种大方法详细地分别解说了神足:“有四种神足。在此,比丘修习具备欲定勤行成就的神足……修习具备观定勤行成就的神足。”巴利
Vissajjanā – navame bhante iddhipādavibhaṅge ‘‘cattāro iddhipādā idha bhikkhu chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāvetī’’ti evamādinā tīhi mahānayehi bhagavatā iddhipādā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
问——贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《分别论》第十品《觉支分别》中,世尊是怎样详细分别解说觉支的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso vibhaṅgappakaraṇe dasame bojjhaṅgavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ bojjhaṅgā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答——尊者,在第十品《觉支分别》中,世尊用经分别、论分别、问难这三种方式,详细地分别解说了觉支:“有七觉支:念觉支、择法觉支、精进觉支、喜觉支、轻安觉支、定觉支、舍觉支。其中,什么是念觉支?在这里,比丘有念,具备最殊胜的念与明察,能忆念、随念很久以前做过的事和说过的话,这称为念觉支。”巴利
Vissajjanā – dasame bhante bojjhaṅgavibhaṅge ‘‘satta bojjhaṅgā satisambojjhaṅgo dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo vīriyasambojjhaṅgo pītisambojjhaṅgo passaddhisambojjhaṅgo samādhisambojjhaṅgo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo. Tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgo, idha bhikkhu satimā hoti paramena satinepakkena samannāgato cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā hoti anussaritā, ayaṃ vuccati satisambojjhaṅgo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi tīhi nayehi bojjhaṅgā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
问:贤友,在第十一品《道支分别》里,世尊是怎样详细分别解说道支的?巴利
Pucchā – ekādasame pana āvuso maggaṅgavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ maggaṅgā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答:在第十一道支分别中,尊者,世尊用经分别、论分别、问难这三种大方法,以“圣八支道,就是:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定”等语,详细地分别解说了道支。巴利
Vissajjanā – ekādasame bhante maggaṅgavibhaṅge ‘‘ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Seyyathidaṃ, sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahānayehi maggaṅgā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
提问:贤友,世尊又是怎样把第十二个禅那分别详细解说出来的呢?巴利
Pucchā – dvādasamo pana āvuso jhānavibhaṅgo bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,第十二个“禅那分别”中,世尊这样详细分别解说:“在这里,比丘安住在巴帝摩卡的防护中,具足行处和所行,对极微小的过失也见到怖畏,受持学处而学习,守护根门,饮食知量,初夜后夜都致力于警寤修行。”巴利
Vissajjanā – dvādasamo bhante jhānavibhaṅgo ‘‘idha bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu indriyesu guttadvāro bhojane mattaññū pubbarattāpararattaṃ jāgariyānuyogamanuyutto’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
问:贤友,在第十三无量分别里,世尊是怎样详细分别、开示诸无量的?巴利
Pucchā – terasame pana āvuso appamaññāvibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ appamaññāyo vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答:在第十三无量分别中,尊者,世尊用“有四种无量。在这里,比丘以与慈俱行的心遍满一方而住,同样第二方,同样第三方,同样第四方。如此,向上、向下、横向、一切处、一切情况下,以与慈俱行的心——广大、宏大、无量、无怨、无害——遍满整个世间而住”等说法,通过被称为经分别、论分别、问难的三种大方法,详细分别并开示了无量。巴利
Vissajjanā – terasame bhante appamaññāvibhaṅge ‘‘catasso appamaññāyo idha bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ. Tathā tatiyaṃ. Tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahānayehi appamaññāyo vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
提问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《分别论》第十四学处分别中,世尊是怎样把诸学处详细分别之后宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso vibhaṅgappakaraṇe cuddasame sikkhāpadavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ sikkhāpadāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
回答:在第十四学处分别中,尊者,世尊用“有五学处:离杀生是学处,离不与取是学处,离欲邪行是学处,离妄语是学处,离诸酒放逸处是学处。其中,什么是离杀生学处?当欲界善心生起,与喜俱行、与智相应,有人远离杀生……”这样等等的两种大方法——也就是被称为论分别和设问提问的方式——把学处详细地分别开示出来。巴利
Vissajjanā – cuddasame bhante sikkhāpadavibhaṅge ‘‘pañca sikkhāpadāni pāṇātipātā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ, adinnādānā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ, musāvādā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ. Tattha katamaṃ pāṇātipātā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ, yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti somanassasahagataṃ ñāṇasampayuttaṃ pāṇātipātā viramantassā’’ti evamādinā abhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi dvīhi mahānayehi bhagavatā sikkhāpadāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
无碍解分别巴利
Paṭisambhidāvibhaṅga
问:贤友,在《分别无碍解》的第十五节里,世尊是怎样把无碍解详细地分别开来讲说的?巴利
Pucchā – pannarasame pana āvuso paṭisambhidāvibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ paṭisambhidāyo vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答:在第十五节“无碍解分别”中,尊者,世尊以“四种无碍解:义无碍解、法无碍解、词无碍解、辩无碍解。对义的智是义无碍解,对法的智是法无碍解,其中对法之语词表达的智是词无碍解,对诸智的智是辩无碍解”等为开端,通过经分别、论分别、问难这三种大方式,详细分别后宣说了四种无碍解。巴利
Vissajjanā – pannarasame bhante paṭisambhidāvibhaṅge ‘‘catasso paṭisambhidā atthapaṭisambhidā dhammapaṭisambhidā niruttipaṭisambhidā paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Atthe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, dhamme ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, tatra dhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā, ñāṇesu ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā catasso paṭisambhidāyo suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahānayehi vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
提问——贤友,在第十六《智分别》中,世尊是怎样把诸智详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – soḷasame pana āvuso ñāṇavibhaṅge bhagavatā kathaṃ ñāṇāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
回答——尊者,在第十六《智分别》中,世尊从“以一种方式说,智事是五识:非因、无因、与因分离、有缘、有为、无色、世间、有漏”等开始,从一种分类一直到十种分类,详细地分别解说了诸智。巴利
Vissajjanā – soḷasame bhante ñāṇavibhaṅge ‘‘ekavidhena ñāṇavatthu pañcaviññāṇā na hetū, ahetukā, hetuvippayuttā, sappaccayā , saṅkhatā, arūpā, lokiyā, sāsavā’’ti evamādinā ekakato paṭṭhāya yāva dasakā bhagavatā ñāṇāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
小事的分别巴利
Khuddakavatthuvibhaṅga
提问——贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《分别论》中,世尊是如何宣说第十七《小事分别》的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso vibhaṅgappakaraṇe sattarasamo khuddakavatthuvibhaṅgo bhagavatā kathaṃ desito.
回答——尊者,在阿毗达摩藏的第二部《分别论》中,第十七《小事分别》,世尊从“生慢、姓慢、健康慢、青春慢、活命慢”等开始,从一法分类起,直到一百零八种渴爱行,详细地分别解说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante dutiye vibhaṅgappakaraṇe sattarasamo khuddakavatthuvibhaṅgo ‘‘jātimado, gottamado, ārogyamado, yobbanamado, jīvitamado’’ti evamādinā ekakato paṭṭhāya yāva aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritaṃ bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
法心分别巴利
Dhammahadayavibhaṅga
提问——贤友,在那里,第十八节法心分别,世尊是怎样分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – tattha āvuso aṭṭhārasamo dhammahadayavibhaṅgo bhagavatā kathaṃ vibhajitvā desito.
回答——尊者,第十八节《法心分别》,是世尊从“有多少蕴、多少处、多少界、多少谛、多少根、多少因、多少食、多少触、多少受、多少想、多少思、多少心?五蕴、十二处、十八界、四谛、二十二根、九因、四食、七触、七受、七想、七思、七心”等开始,以总摄等十种方式,详细分别解说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – aṭṭhārasamo bhante dhammahadayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kati khandhā, kati āyatanāni, kati dhātuyo, kati saccāni, kati indriyāni, kati hetū, kati āhārā, kati phassā, kati vedanā, kati saññā, kati cetanā, kati cittāni. Pañcakkhandhā, dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, cattāri saccāni, bāvīsatindriyāni, nava hetū, cattāro āhārā, satta phassā, satta vedanā, satta saññā, satta cetanā, satta cittānī’’ti evamādinā sabbasaṅgāhakādīhi dasahi vārehi bhagavatā vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
问:贤友,世尊在那里是怎样详细分别解说“出生业与寿量”这一部分的呢?巴利
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā uppādakakammaāyuppamāṇavāro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:布施之后,受持戒律之后,行持布萨之后,他们会投生到哪里?布施之后,受持戒律之后,行持布萨之后,有些人投生到大富的刹帝利当中,有些人投生到大富的婆罗门当中,有些人投生到大富的居士当中,有些人投生到四大王天诸天当中,有些人投生到三十三天诸天当中,有些人投生到夜摩天诸天当中,有些人投生到兜率天诸天当中。尊者,世尊就是这样,在那里把决定投生的业和寿命长短的这一部分,详细分别开来加以解说。巴利
Vissajjanā – dānaṃ datvā sīlaṃ samādiyitvā uposathakammaṃ katvā kattha upapajjanti. Dānaṃ datvā, sīlaṃ samādiyitvā uposathakammaṃ katvā appekacce khattiyamahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjanti, appekacce brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ, appekacce gahapatimahāsālānaṃ, appekacce cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ, appekacce tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ, appekacce yāmānaṃ devānaṃ, appekacce tusitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjantīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā uppādakakammaāyuppamāṇavāro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
靠着福德的威力而被托举上升,他们投生到了欲界和色界的天趣之中。
就算到了有顶天,也还是会再堕入恶趣。巴利
Ukkhittā puññatejena, kāmarūpagatiṃ gatā; Bhavaggatampi sampattā, punāgacchanti duggatiṃ –
问:贤友,那位具足了十八种佛法的世尊,在阿毗达摩中宣说了以十八种分别所庄严的第二部《分别论》之后,紧接着又是如何分别宣说名为《界论》的第三部论书的呢?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā aṭṭhārasahi buddhadhammehi samannāgatena abhidhamme aṭṭhārasahi vibhaṅgehi paṭimaṇḍitaṃ dutiyaṃ vibhaṅgappakaraṇaṃ desetvā tadanantaraṃ dhātukathaṃ nāma tatiyaṃ pakaraṇaṃ kathaṃ vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,名为《界论》的第三部阿毗达摩藏,是世尊先安立了五组论母——“摄、非摄;以所摄摄非所摄,以非所摄摄所摄,以所摄摄所摄,以非所摄摄非所摄。相应、不相应;以相应应不相应,以不相应应相应,以相应应相应,以不相应应不相应。以所摄应相应与不相应,以相应摄所摄与非所摄,以非所摄应相应与不相应,以不相应摄所摄与非所摄”等等,然后以摄、非摄等十四种理趣详细分别之后宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – tatiyaṃ bhante dhātukathaṃ nāma abhidhammapiṭakaṃ ‘‘saṅgaho asaṅgaho, saṅgahitena asaṅgahitaṃ, asaṅgahitena saṅgahitaṃ, saṅgahitena saṅgahitaṃ, asaṅgahitena asaṅgahitaṃ. Sampayogo vippayogo, sampayuttena vippayuttaṃ, vippayuttena sampayuttaṃ, sampayuttena sampayuttaṃ, vippayuttena vippayuttaṃ. Saṅgahitena sampayuttaṃ vippayuttaṃ, sampayuttena saṅgahitaṃ asaṅgahitaṃ, asaṅgahitena sampayuttaṃ vippayuttaṃ, vippayuttena saṅgahitaṃ asaṅgahita’’nti evamādinā pañca mātikāyo paṭhamaṃ nikkhipitvā saṅgahāsaṅgahādīhi cuddasahi nayehi bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
提问:贤友,那位善巧一切界的世尊,在阿毗达摩藏中讲说了第三部《界论》之后,紧接着又是如何分别讲说第四部《人施设论》的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā sabbadhātukusalena abhidhammapiṭake tatiyaṃ dhātukathāpakaraṇaṃ desetvā tadanantaraṃ catutthaṃ puggalapaññattippakaraṇaṃ kathaṃ vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中,第四本《人施设论》是世尊这样讲说的:先简要列举蕴施设、处施设、界施设、谛施设、根施设,比如“有六种施设:蕴施设、处施设、界施设、谛施设、根施设、人施设。怎样算是诸蕴的蕴施设?也就是五蕴:色蕴、受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴。这样就算是诸蕴的蕴施设”等等;然后按一组、二组、三组、四组、五组、六组、七组、八组、九组、十组的方式,详细分别人施设。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante catutthaṃ puggalapaññattippakaraṇaṃ ‘‘cha paññattiyo khandhapaññatti āyatanapaññatti dhātupaññatti saccapaññatti indriyapaññatti puggalapaññatti. Kittāvatā khandhānaṃ khandhapaññatti, yāvatā pañcakkhandhā, rūpakkhandho vedanākkhandho saññākkhandho saṅkhārakkhandho viññāṇakkhandho. Ettāvatā khandhānaṃ khandhapaññattī’’ti evamādinā khandhāyatanadhātusaccaindriyapaññattiyo saṃkhittena uddisitvā puggalapaññattiṃ ca ekakadukatikacatukkapañcakachakkasattakaaṭṭhakanavakadasakavasena vitthārato vibhajitvā bhagavatā desitā.
提问:贤友,那位善巧一切胜义与施设法的世尊,在阿毗达摩藏中讲说了第四部《人施设论》之后,紧接着是如何讲说第五部《论事》的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā sabbaparamatthapaññattidhammakusalena abhidhammapiṭake catutthaṃ puggalapaññattippakaraṇaṃ desetvā tadanantaraṃ pañcamaṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ kathaṃ desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,世尊善巧于一切胜义与施设之法,是世间无上士。他在阿毗达摩藏中宣说了第四部《人施设论》之后,紧接着《论事》教导的时机到来时,为了给他创造条件——“未来,我的弟子名叫目犍连子帝须长老,他将净化教法中生起的垢秽,举行第三结集,坐在比丘僧众中间,汇集自宗五百经、他宗五百经共一千经,然后开演这部论”——便以《人品》的八面论式为开端,在一切论道中,为了给未圆满的诵分作依据,仅以安立论母的方式,简略地宣说了第五部《论事》。巴利
Vissajjanā – sabbaparamatthapaññattidhammakusalena bhante bhagavatā loke aggapuggalena abhidhammapiṭake catutthaṃ puggalapaññattippakaraṇaṃ desetvā tadanantaraṃ kathāvatthudesanāya vāre sampatte ‘‘anāgate mama sāvako moggaliputtatissatthero nāma uppannaṃ sāsanamalaṃ sodhetvā tatiyasaṅgītiṃ karonto bhikkhusaṅghassa majjhe nisinno sakavāde pañca suttasatāni paravāde pañcāti suttasahassaṃ samodhānetvā, imaṃ pakaraṇaṃ bhājessatī’’ti tassokāsaṃ karontena puggalavāre aṭṭhamukhā vādayuttiṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbakathāmaggesu asampuṇṇabhāṇavāratthāya tantiyā mātikā nikkhepamattena pañcamaṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ saṃkhepato desitaṃ.
问:贤友,那么现在这个已经广为人知的广本《论事》,是在什么时候、由谁、在哪里、又是怎样详细分别宣说的呢?巴利
Pucchā – adhunā pākaṭaṃ panāvuso vitthāraṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ kadā kena kattha kathañca vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,那位大目犍连子帝须长老,是依止世尊的理趣之门,在第三次结集的时候,于华氏城阿育园,在六百万比丘僧众的集会中,按照世尊所传授的理趣,对如来安立的论母加以分别,引证自宗五百经、他宗五百经,共一千经,详细分别之后宣说了这部摧破他论、如今已广为流传的《论事》。巴利
Vissajjanā – taṃ kho bhante bhagavato nayamukhaṃ nissāya āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena tatiyasaṃgītikāle pāṭaliputte asokārāme saṭṭhibhikkhusatasahassānaṃ samāgame bhagavatā dinnanayavasena tathāgatena ṭhapitamātikaṃ vibhajantena sakavāde pañcasuttasatāni paravāde pañcāti suttasahassaṃ āharitvā idaṃ paravādamathanaṃ adhunā pākaṭaṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在那里,尊者大目犍连子帝须长老详细分别之后,宣说了多少种论?巴利
Pucchā – kati āvuso tattha kathāyo tena āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
解说:尊者,其中,按照诵出的次第,大目犍连子帝须长老详细分别后,宣说了二百二十七论。巴利
Vissajjanā – tattha bhante vācanāmaggato dve ca satāni sattavīsati ca kathāyo āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
问:贤友,在那里,最初的补特伽罗论,是怎样由尊者大目犍连子帝须长老详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha paṭhamā puggalakathā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
回答:在真实、胜义上可得补特伽罗吗?是的。如果说“凡是真实、胜义者,补特伽罗就由它在真实、胜义上可得”,那就不该这样说。要知道这是驳斥:如果补特伽罗在真实、胜义上可得,那么确实应当说“凡是真实、胜义者,补特伽罗就由它在真实、胜义上可得”。你在这里说“应当说‘补特伽罗在真实、胜义上可得’,却不应当说‘凡是真实、胜义者,补特伽罗就由它在真实、胜义上可得’”,这是错误的。尊者,就这样,最初那段补特伽罗论,由尊者大目犍连子帝须长老以五诵分的篇幅,详细分别而宣说。巴利
Vissajjanā – puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti, āmantā. Yo saccikaṭṭho paramattho, tato so puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti, na hevaṃ vattabbe. Ājānāhi niggahaṃ hañci puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthena, tena vata re vattabbe ‘‘yo saccikaṭṭho paramattho, tato so puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenā’’ti. Yaṃ tattha vadesi ‘‘vattabbe kho ‘puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthena’, no ca vattabbe ‘yo saccikaṭṭho paramattho, tato so puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenā’’ti, micchāti evamādinā bhante tattha paṭhamā puggalakathā pañca bhāṇavāramattāya tantiyā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《论事》第二品中,第二无知论,尊者大目犍连子帝须长老是怎样详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso kathāvatthuppakaraṇe dutiyavagge dutiyā aññāṇakathā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏第五部《论事》第二品中的第二无知论里,有人问:“阿罗汉有无知吗?”回答是:“是的。”接着问:“阿罗汉有无明、无明暴流、无明轭、无明随眠、无明缠、无明结、无明盖吗?”这时应当说:“不能这样说。”再问:“阿罗汉没有无明、无明暴流、无明轭、无明随眠、无明缠、无明结、无明盖吗?”回答是:“是的。”既然阿罗汉没有无明、无明暴流、无明轭、无明随眠、无明缠、无明结、无明盖,那就不应该说“阿罗汉有无知”。尊者大目犍连子帝须长老就是这样详细分别开示的。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante pañcame kathāvatthuppakaraṇe dutiyavagge dutiyā aññāṇakathā ‘‘atthi arahato aññāṇanti, āmantā. Atthi arahato avijjā avijjogho avijjāyogo avijjānusayo avijjāpariyuṭṭhānaṃ avijjāsaṃyojanaṃ avijjānīvaraṇanti, na hevaṃ vattabbe. Natthi arahato avijjā avijjogho avijjāyogo avijjānusayo avijjāpariyuṭṭhānaṃ avijjāsaṃyojanaṃ avijjānivaraṇanti, āmantā. Hañci natthi arahato avijjā avijjogho avijjāyogo avijjānusayo avijjāpariyuṭṭhānaṃ avijjāsaṃyojanaṃ avijjānīvaraṇaṃ, no ca vata re vattabbe ‘‘atthi arahato aññāṇa’’nti evamādinā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena vitthārato vibhajitvā bhāsitā.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第五部《论事》第三品中,第十一篇无想论,尊者大目犍连子帝须长老是怎样详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso pañcame kathāvatthuppakaraṇe tatiyavagge ekādasamā asaññakathā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
回答——尊者,在阿毗达摩藏第五部《论事》第三品中,第十一篇无想论是这样详细分别解说的:“在无想有情中有想,是吗?是的。‘想的存在、想的趣处、想的有情居所、想的轮回、想的生、想的自体获得’,不应该这样说。”具寿大目犍连子帝须长老以这样的方式等,详细分别解说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante pañcame kathāvatthuppakaraṇe tatiyavagge ekādasamā asaññakathā ‘‘asaññasattesu saññā atthīti, āmantā. Saññābhavo saññāgati saññāsattāvāso saññāsaṃsāro saññāyoni saññattabhāvapaṭilābhoti, na hevaṃ vattabbe’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
在无想有情当中,想是存在的。巴利
Asaññasattesu saññā atthi.
想的存在、想的趣向、想的有情居处、想的轮回、想的生处、想性的获得。巴利
Saññābhavo saññāgati saññāsattāvāso saññāsaṃsāro saññāyoni saññattabhāvapaṭilābho.
不能这样说。巴利
Na hevaṃ vattabbe.
难道没有无想有、无想趣、无想有情居、无想轮回、无想生、无想自体获得吗?巴利
Nanu asaññabhavo asaññagati asaññasattāvāso asaññasaṃsāro asaññayoni asaññattabhāvapaṭilābho.
如果确实存在无想有、无想趣、无想有情居、无想轮回、无想生、无想自体的获得,那么就不该说无想有情中有想。巴利
Hañci asaññabhavo asaññagati asaññasattāvāso asaññasaṃsāro asaññayoni asaññattabhāvapaṭilābho, no ca vata re vattabbe asaññasattesu saññā atthi.
在无想有情当中,想是存在的。巴利
Asaññasattesu saññā atthi.
五蕴有、趣、有情居、轮回、生、自体获得。巴利
Pañcavokārabhavo gati sattāvāso saṃsāro yoni attabhāvapaṭilābho.
难道不是一蕴有即趣、有情居、轮回、生、自体获得吗?巴利
Nanu ekavokārabhavo gati sattāvāso saṃsāro yoni attabhāvapaṭilābho.
如果一蕴有、趣、有情居、轮回、生、自体获得,那么确实就不该说在无想有情中有想。巴利
Hañci ekavokārabhavo gati sattāvāso saṃsāro yoni attabhāvapaṭilābho, no ca vata re vattabbe asaññasattesu saññā atthi.
关于地界可见等的讨论巴利
Pathavīdhātusanidassanātiādikathā
问:贤友,在第六品中,第八项关于“地界是可见的”等论述,尊者大目犍连子帝须长老是怎样详细分别解说的呢?巴利
Pucchā – chaṭṭhavagge pana āvuso aṭṭhamā pathavīdhātu sanidassanātiādikathā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
回答:在第六品中,关于第八项“地界是可见的”等那段讨论,尊者大目犍连子帝须长老是这样详细分别解说的:“‘地界是可见的吗?’——是的。但如果说‘色、色处、色界,青、黄、红、白,是眼所识、触及眼、进入眼的范围’,就不应该这样说。”他就是以这种方式等,详细地分别解说而说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – chaṭṭhavagge bhante aṭṭhamā pathavīdhātu sanidassanātiādikathā ‘‘pathavīdhātu sanidassanāti āmantā. Rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ rūpadhātu nīlaṃ pītakaṃ lohitakaṃ odātaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ cakkhusmiṃ paṭihaññati cakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchatīti, na hevaṃ vattabbe’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā mahāmoggali puttatissattherena vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
地界是可见的。巴利
Pathavīdhātu sanidassanā.
依靠眼和地界,眼识才会生起。巴利
Cakkhuñca paṭicca pathavīdhātuñca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ.
既然这样,就不应该说:缘于眼和地界而眼识生起。巴利
Tena hi na vattabbaṃ cakkhuñca paṭicca pathavīdhātuñca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第五部《论事》第八品中,第二“中有论”是尊者大目犍连子帝须长老怎样详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso pañcame kathāvatthuppakaraṇe aṭṭhamavagge dutiyā antarābhavakathā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
回答:在阿毗达摩藏第五部《论事》第八品第二“中有论”中,尊者大目犍连子帝须长老这样详细分别解说:“有中有吗?是的。是欲有吗?实在不该这样说……有中有吗?是的。是色有吗?实在不该这样说……有中有吗?是的。是无色有吗?实在不该这样说。”巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante pañcame kathāvatthuppakaraṇe aṭṭhamavagge dutiyā antarābhavakathā ‘‘atthi antarābhavoti, āmantā. Kāmabhavoti, na hevaṃ vattabbe…pe… atthi antarābhavoti, āmantā. Rūpabhavoti, na hevaṃ vattabbe…pe… atthi antarābhavoti, āmantā. Arūpabhavoti, na hevaṃ vattabbe’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
存在中有。巴利
Atthi antarābhavo.
不能这样说。巴利
Na hevaṃ vattabbe.
在欲有和色有之间,存在着中有。巴利
Kāmabhavassa ca rūpabhavassa ca antare atthi antarābhavo.
不能这样说。巴利
Na hevaṃ vattabbe.
在色有和无色有之间,存在着中有。巴利
Rūpabhavassa ca arūpabhavassa ca antare atthi antarābhavo.
欲有与色有之间,不存在中有。巴利
Kāmabhavassa ca rūpabhavassa ca antare natthi antarābhavo.
如果欲有和色有之间确实没有中有,那就不该说“有中有”。巴利
Hañci kāmabhavassa ca rūpabhavassa ca antare natthi antarābhavo, no ca vata re vattabbe atthi antarābhavo.
六处生起论巴利
Saḷāyatanuppattikathā
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第五部《论事》第十四品的第二篇“六处生起论”中,尊者大目犍连子帝须长老是怎样详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso pañcame kathāvatthuppakaraṇe cuddasamavagge dutiyā saḷāyatanuppattikathā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答:在阿毗达摩藏中,尊者,在第五部《论事》第十四品的第二篇“六处生起论”里,尊者大目犍连子帝须长老这样详细分别解说:“六处在母胎中不是先也不是后、同时成立吗?是的。‘具足一切大小肢节、诸根不缺的人进入母胎’吗?不应该这样说。”等等。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante pañcame kathāvatthuppakaraṇe cuddasamevagge dutiyā saḷāyatanuppattikathā ‘‘saḷāyatanaṃ apubbaṃ acarimaṃ mātukucchismiṃ saṇṭhātīti, āmantā. Sabbaṅgapaccaṅgī ahīnindriyo mātukucchismiṃ okkamatīti, na hevaṃ vattabbe’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena vitthārato vibhajitvā kathitā.
六处在母胎中不是先也不是后地形成。巴利
Saḷāyatanaṃ apubbaṃ acarimaṃ mātukucchismiṃ saṇṭhāti.
一切肢体器官齐全、感官功能没有缺陷,进入母胎。巴利
Sabbaṅgappaccaṅgī ahīnindriyo mātukucchismiṃ okkamati.
不能这样说。巴利
Na hevaṃ vattabbe.
依靠结生心,眼处得以形成。巴利
Upapattesiyena cittena cakkhāyatanaṃ saṇṭhāti.
依靠结生心,手定型,脚定型,头定型,耳定型,鼻定型,脸定型,牙齿定型。巴利
Upapattesiyena cittena hatthā saṇṭhanti, pādā saṇṭhanti, sīsaṃ saṇṭhāti, kaṇṇo saṇṭhāti, nāsikā saṇṭhāti, mukhaṃ saṇṭhāti, dantā saṇṭhanti.
不能这样说。巴利
Na hevaṃ vattabbe.
问:贤友,世尊在双神变结束时,前往三十三天,为从一万个世界前来聚集安坐的诸天宣说阿毗达摩教法。他先宣说了阿毗达摩藏中的五部论,紧接着宣说第六部《双论》。在宣说时,他把《双论》分成了多少部来解说?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā yamakapāṭihīrāvasāne tāvatiṃsadevalokaṃ gantvā dasasahassalokadhātūhi āgamma sannisinnānaṃ devānaṃ abhidhammadesanaṃ desentena paṭhamaṃ abhidhammapiṭake pañcappakaraṇāni desetvā tadanantaraṃ chaṭṭhaṃ yamakappakaraṇaṃ desentena kati yamakappakaraṇāni vibhajitvā desitāni.
回答:尊者,世尊超越了魔罗的领域,在双神变结束时,前往三十三天,为从一万个世界前来聚集安坐的诸天宣说阿毗达摩藏。他先宣说了阿毗达摩藏中的前五部论,紧接着详细分别解说了第六部《双论》,也就是:根本双、蕴双、处双、界双、谛双、行双、随眠双、心双、法双、根双这十部双论。巴利
Vissajjanā – bhagavatā bhante yamassa visayātītena yamakapāṭihīrāvasāne tāvatiṃsadevalokaṃ gantvā tattha dasasahassalokadhātūhi āgamma sannisinnānaṃ devatānaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ desentena abhidhammapiṭake pūrimāni pañcappakaraṇāni desetvā tadanantaraṃ chaṭṭhaṃ yamakappakaraṇaṃ mūlayamakaṃ khandhayamakaṃ āyatanayamakaṃ dhātuyamakaṃ saccayamakaṃ saṅkhārayamakaṃ anusayayamakaṃ cittayamakaṃ dhammayamakaṃ indriyayamakanti dasa yamakappakaraṇāni vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
问:贤友,世尊在那里最初是怎样把根本双论详细分别之后宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ mūlayamakaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,世尊在那里首先把第一根本双论,用二十二种三法和一百种二法详细分别之后宣说,也就是:凡是善法,全都以善为根;凡是以善为根的,那一切法都是善的。凡是善法,全都以善根为同一根;凡是以善根为同一根的,那一切法都是善的。凡是以善根为同一根的法,全都以善根互为根;凡是以善根互为根的,那一切法都是善的。以这样的方式等等。巴利
Vissajjanā – ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te kusalamūlā. Ye vā pana kusalamūlā, sabbe te dhammā kusalā. Ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te kusalamūlena ekamūlā. Ye vā pana kusalamūlena ekamūlā, sabbe te dhammā kusalā. Ye keci kusalamūlena ekamūlā dhammā, sabbe te dhammā kusalamūlena aññamaññamūlā. Ye vā pana kusalamūlena aññamaññamūlā, sabbe te dhammā kusalāti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ mūlayamakaṃ bāvīsatiyā ca tikehi dukasatena ca vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
凡是善法,全都以善为根。巴利
Ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te kusalamūlā.
凡是善法,全都是善根吗?——只有三种是善根,其余的善法不是善根。或者说,凡是善根,那些法全都是善的吗?——是的。巴利
Ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te kusalamūlāti, tīṇeva kusalamūlāni avasesā kusalā dhammā, na kusalamūlā, ye vā pana kusalamūlā, sabbe te dhammā kusalāti, āmantā –
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第六部《双论》的第二《蕴双论》里,世尊是怎样详细分别宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dutiyaṃ khandhayamakaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏第六部《双论》的第二《蕴双论》中,世尊用施设门、转起门、遍知门这三种方式,详细地分别开示说:“有五蕴:色蕴、受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴。色就是色蕴,色蕴就是色;受就是受蕴,受蕴就是受;想就是想蕴,想蕴就是想;行就是行蕴,行蕴就是行;识就是识蕴,识蕴就是识。”巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dutiyaṃ khandhayamakaṃ ‘‘pañcakkhandhā – rūpakkhandho vedanākkhandho saññākkhandho saṅkhārakkhandho viññāṇakkhandho. Rūpaṃ rūpakkhandho, rūpakkhandho rūpaṃ. Vedanā vedanākkhandho, vedanākkhandho vedanā. Saññā saññākkhandho, saññākkhandho saññā. Saṅkhārā saṅkhārakkhandho, saṅkhārakkhandho saṅkhārā. Viññāṇaṃ viññāṇakkhandho, viññāṇakkhandho viññāṇa’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā paṇṇattivārapavattivārapariññāvārasaṅkhātehi tīhi vārehi vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏中,第六部《双论》的第三《处双论》,世尊是怎样详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe tatiyaṃ āyatanayamakaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中,第六部《双论》的第三《处双论》里,世尊以施设门、转起门、遍知门这三种方式,详细分别后宣说了这样一段内容:“有十二处——眼处、耳处、鼻处、舌处、身处、色处、声处、香处、味处、触处、意处、法处。眼就是眼处,眼处就是眼;耳就是耳处,耳处就是耳。”等等。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe tatiyaṃ āyatanayamakaṃ ‘‘dvādasāyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ sotāyatanaṃ ghānāyatanaṃ jivhāyatanaṃ kāyāyatanaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ saddāyatanaṃ gandhāyatanaṃ rasāyatanaṃ phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ manāyatanaṃ dhammāyatanaṃ. Cakkhu cakkhāyatanaṃ, cakkhāyatanaṃ cakkhu. Sotaṃ sotāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ sota’’nti evamādinā paṇṇattivārapavattivārapariññāvārasaṅkhātehi tīhi vārehi bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏中,第六部《双论》的十种双论里,第四《界双论》,世尊是怎样详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu catutthaṃ dhātuyamakaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答——尊者,在阿毗达摩藏第六部《双论》的十组双论中,第四组是界双论。世尊通过施设分、转起分、遍知分这三大部分,详细地分别解说了十八界,也就是眼界、耳界、鼻界、舌界、身界、色界、声界、香界、味界、触界、眼识界、耳识界、鼻识界、舌识界、身识界、意界、意识界、法界。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu catutthaṃ dhātuyamakaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo – cakkhudhātu sotadhātu ghānadhātu jivhādhātu kāyadhātu rūpadhātu saddadhātu gandhadhātu rasadhātu phoṭṭhabbadhātu cakkhuviññāṇadhātu sotaviññāṇadhātu ghānaviññāṇadhātu jivhāviññāṇadhātu kāyaviññāṇadhātu manodhātu manoviññāṇadhātu dhammadhātū’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā paṇṇattivārapavattivārapariññāvārasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahāvārehi vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
提问——贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第六册《双论》的十组双论中,第五组是谛双论,世尊是怎样详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu pañcamaṃ saccayamakaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答——尊者,在阿毗达摩藏第六册《双论》的十组双论中,第五组是谛双论,世尊这样详细分别解说:“有四谛——苦谛、集谛、灭谛、道谛。苦就是苦谛,苦谛就是苦;集就是集谛,集谛就是集;灭就是灭谛,灭谛就是灭;道就是道谛,道谛就是道。”巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu pañcamaṃ saccayamakaṃ ‘‘cattāri saccāni – dukkhasaccaṃ samudayasaccaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ maggasaccaṃ. Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, dukkhasaccaṃ dukkhaṃ. Samudayo samudayasaccaṃ, samudayasaccaṃ samudayo. Nirodho nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhasaccaṃ nirodho. Maggo maggasaccaṃ, maggasaccaṃ maggo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第六册《双论》中,十组双论里的第六组行双论,世尊是怎样详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu chaṭṭhaṃ saṅkhārayamakaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:在《阿毗达摩藏》第六册《双论》的十组双论中,尊者,第六组是行双论。世尊通过施设分、转起分、遍知分这三大分,详细分别解说了三行——身行、语行、心行。其中,入出息是身行,寻与伺是语行,想和受是心行;除了寻与伺之外,一切与心相应之法都是心行。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu chaṭṭhaṃ saṅkhārayamakaṃ ‘‘tayo saṅkhārā – kāyasaṅkhāro vacīsaṅkhāro , cittasaṅkhāro. Assāsapassāsā kāyasaṅkhāro, vitakkavicārā vacīsaṅkhārā, saññā ca vedanā ca cittasaṅkhāro ṭhapetvā vitakkavicāre sabbepi cittasampayuttakā dhammā cittasaṅkhāro’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā paṇṇattivārapavattivārapariññāvārasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahāvārehi vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第六册《双论》中,十组双论里的第七组随眠双论,世尊是怎样详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu sattamaṃ anusayayamakaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏第六册《双论》的十组双论中,第七组是随眠双论。世尊以“七种随眠——欲贪随眠、嗔恚随眠、慢随眠、见随眠、疑随眠、有贪随眠、无明随眠。欲贪随眠在哪里随眠?在欲界的两种受中,欲贪随眠就在这里随眠”等为开端,以生起处所分、随眠分、有随眠分、断分、遍知分、已断分、生起分、界分这八种大分别,详细分别后宣说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu sattamaṃ anusayayamakaṃ ‘‘satta anusayā – kāmarāgānusayo paṭighānusayo mānānusayo diṭṭhānusayo vicikicchānusayo bhavarāgānusayo avijjānusayo. Kattha kāmarāgānusayo anuseti, kāmadhātuyā dvīsu vedanāsu ettha kāmarāgānusayo anusetī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā uppattiṭṭhānavāra anusayavāra sānusayavāra pajahanavāra pariññāvāra pahīnavāra uppajjanavāra dhātuvārasaṅkhātehi aṭṭhahi mahāvārehi vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第六册《双论》的十组双论中,第八组心双论,世尊是如何详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu aṭṭhamaṃ cittayamakaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏第六册《双论》的十组双论中,第八组心双论,世尊以“若某人的心生起而不灭去,他的心将会灭去而不再生起;或者,若某人的心将会灭去而不再生起,他的心就生起而不灭去”等为开端,按照纯净心共相、经教心混合差别、阿毗达摩心混合差别这三种大论,详细分别解说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu aṭṭhamaṃ cittayamakaṃ ‘‘yassa cittaṃ uppajjati na nirujjhati, tassa cittaṃ nirujjhissati na uppajjissati. Yassa vā pana cittaṃ nirujjhissati na uppajjissati, tassa cittaṃ uppajjati na nirujjhatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā suddhacittasāmaññasuttantacittamissakavisesaabhidhammacittamissakavisesa- saṅkhātehi tīhi mahānayeti vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
提问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第六部《双论》的十个双论中,第九《法双论》,世尊是如何详尽分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu navamaṃ dhammayamakaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏第六部《双论》的十个双论中,第九《法双论》,世尊以“善法,善法;善法,善法。不善法,不善法;不善法,不善法。无记法,无记法;无记法,无记法”等为开端,通过施设分、转起分、遍知分这三大分,详细分别而宣说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu navamaṃ dhammayamakaṃ ‘‘kusalā kusalā dhammā, kusalā dhammā kusalā. Akusalā akusalā dhammā, akusalā dhammā akusalā. Abyākatā abyākatā dhammā, abyākatā dhammā abyākatā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā paṇṇattivārapavattivārapariññāvārasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahāvārehi vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏第六部《双论》的十个双论中,第十《根双论》,世尊是怎样详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu dasamaṃ indriyayamakaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏第六部《双论》的十个双论中,第十个是《根双论》。世尊以“二十二根:眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根、女根、男根、命根、意根、乐根、苦根、喜根、忧根、舍根、信根、精进根、定根、慧根、未知当知根、已知根、具知根”这样开头,通过施设分、转起分、遍知分这三大分,详细地分别开示。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante chaṭṭhe yamakappakaraṇe dasasu yamakesu dasamaṃ indriyayamakaṃ ‘‘bāvīsatindriyāni – cakkhundriyaṃ sotindriyaṃ ghānindriyaṃ jivhindriyaṃ kāyindriyaṃ itthindriyaṃ purisindriyaṃ jīvitindriyaṃ manindriyaṃ sukhindriyaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ somanassindriyaṃ domanassindriyaṃ upekkhindriyaṃ saddhindriyaṃ vīriyindriyaṃ samādhindriyaṃ paññindriyaṃ anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ aññindriyaṃ aññātāvindriya’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā paṇṇattivāra pavattivāra pariññāvārasaṅkhātehi tīhi mahāvārehi vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《根双论》的三大分中,转起分里的生起过去分,世尊是怎样详细分别宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso indriyayamake tīsu mahāvāresu pavattivāre uppādaatītavāro bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏《根双论》的三大分中,转起分里的生起过去分,世尊这样分别而宣说:“某人眼根已生起时,他的耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根、女根、男根、命根、喜根、舍根、信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根、意根已生起吗?是。或者,某人意根已生起时,他的眼根已生起吗?是。”巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante indriyayamake tīsu mahāvāresu pavattivāre uppādaatītavāro ‘‘yassa cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjitta, tassa sotindriyaṃ, ghānindriyaṃ, jivhindriyaṃ, kāyindriyaṃ, itthindriyaṃ, purisindriyaṃ, jīvitindriyaṃ, somanassindriyaṃ, upekkhindriyaṃ, saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ, manindriyaṃ, uppajjitthāti, āmantā. Yassa vā pana manindriyaṃ uppajjittha, tassa cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjitthāti, āmantā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vibhajitvā desito.
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏《根双论》的三大分中,转起分里的生起未来分,世尊是怎样详细分别宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso indriyayamake tīsu mahāvāresu pavattivāre uppādaanāgatavāro bhagavatā kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:在《阿毗达摩藏》的《根双论》中,于三大分的转起分、生起未来分里,世尊这样详细分别而宣说:“若某人的眼根将生起,他的耳根也将生起吗?”回答:“是的。”“若某人的耳根将生起,他的眼根也将生起吗?”回答:“是的。”“若某人的眼根将生起,他的鼻根、舌根、身根也将生起吗?”——那些投生到色界后般涅槃的众生,眼根将生起,但身根不会生起;其余那些众生,眼根和身根都将生起。世尊就是以这种方式详细分别而宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante indriyayamake tīsu mahāvāresu pavattivāre uppādaanāgatavāro ‘‘yassa cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjissati, tassa sotindriyaṃ uppajjissatīti, āmantā. Yassa vā pana sotindriyaṃ uppajjissati, tassa cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjissatī’’ti āmantā. Yassa cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjissati, tassa ghānindriyaṃ, jivhindriyaṃ, kāyindriyaṃ uppajjissatīti, ye rūpāvacaraṃ upapajjitvā parinibbāyissanti, tesaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjissati, no ca tesaṃ kāyindriyaṃ uppajjissati, itaresaṃ tesaṃ cakkhundriyañca uppajjissati kāyindriyañca uppajjissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
眼根将会生起的人,女根也会生起吗?那些投生到色界后般涅槃的众生,以及那些以男子身份在若干有中示现后般涅槃的男子,他们的眼根将会生起,但女根不会生起;其余那些人的眼根和女根都会生起。巴利
Yassa cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjissati, tassa itthindriyaṃ uppajjissatīti. Ye rūpāvacaraṃ upapajjitvā parinibbāyissanti, ye ca purisā eteneva bhāvena katici bhave dassetvā parinibbāyissanti tesaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjissati, no ca tesaṃ itthindriyaṃ uppajjissati, itaresaṃ tesaṃ cakkhundriyañca uppajjissati itthindriyañca uppajjissati.
眼根将会生起的人,男根也会生起吗?那些投生到色界后般涅槃的众生,以及那些以这种状态在某些存在中示现之后般涅槃的女人,他们的眼根会生起,但他们的男根不会生起。其余那些人,眼根和男根都会生起。巴利
Yassa cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjissati, tassa purisindriyaṃ uppajjissatīti, ye rūpāvacaraṃ upapajjitvā parinibbāyissanti, yā ca itthiyo eteneva bhāvena katici bhave dassetvā parinibbāyissanti, tesaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ uppajjissati, no ca tesaṃ purisindriyaṃ uppajjissati. Itaresaṃ tesaṃ cakkhundriyañca uppajjissati purisindriyañca uppajjissati.
对于将生起女根的人,是否会生起男根?那些以这种状态在某些有中示现之后般涅槃的女人,她们会生起女根,但不会生起男根。其余那些人则会生起女根,也会生起男根。巴利
Yassa itthindriyaṃ uppajjissati, tassa purisindriyaṃ uppajjissatīti, yā itthiyo eteneva bhāvena katici bhave dassetvā parinibbāyissanti, tāsaṃ itthindriyaṃ uppajjissati, no ca tāsaṃ purisindriyaṃ uppajjissati. Itaresaṃ tesaṃ itthindriyañca uppajjissati purisindriyañca uppajjissati.
提问:贤友,世尊是知者、见者、应供、正等正觉者。从他证得正觉那时起,到第七年,他在人间示现了双神变,紧接着前往三十三天,坐在红毯石上,为从一万个轮围世界前来聚集而坐的诸天宣说阿毗达摩。他先讲了直至《双论》在内的前六部阿毗达摩论,紧接着又讲的是哪部论?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena abhisambuddhakālato sattamavasse manussaloke yamakapāṭihīraṃ dassetvā tadanantaraṃ tāvatiṃsadevalokaṃ gantvā tattha paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ sannisīditvā dasahi cakkavāḷasahassehi āgamma sannisinnānaṃ devānaṃ abhidhammadesanaṃ desentena yāva yamakappakaraṇā purimāni cha abhidhammappakaraṇāni desetvā tadanantaraṃ kiṃnāma pakaraṇaṃ desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,世尊是知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者。他在证得正觉后的第七年,在人间舍卫城的甘达树根下示现双神变,紧接着前往三十三天,在那里坐在白毯石上,为从一万个轮围世界前来聚集而坐的诸天宣说阿毗达摩。他先讲了前六部阿毗达摩论,紧接着又讲了名为“无尽行相周遍趣”的第七部大论。巴利
Vissajjanā – tena bhante bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena abhisambuddhakālato sattame vasse manussaloke sāvatthiyaṃ kaṇḍambamūle yamakapāṭihīraṃ dassetvā tadanantaraṃ tāvatiṃsadevalokaṃ gantvā tattha paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ sannipatitvā dasahi cakkavāḷasahassehi āgamma sannisinnānaṃ devānaṃ abhidhammadesanaṃ desentena purimāni cha abhidhammappakaraṇāni desetvā tadanantaraṃ anantanayasamantapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma sattamaṃ mahāpakaraṇaṃ desitaṃ.
问:贤友,那么这“发趣”到底是依什么含义而被称为“发趣”呢?巴利
Pucchā – taṃ panetaṃ āvuso paṭṭhānaṃ kenaṭṭhena paṭṭhānanti vuccati.
回答:尊者,这部《发趣论》之所以被称为“发趣”,是因为它以种种缘之义、分别之义和建立之义而得名。巴利
Vissajjanā – taṃ panetaṃ bhante paṭṭhānaṃ nānappakārapaccayaṭṭhena vibhajanaṭṭhena paṭṭhitaṭṭhena ca paṭṭhānanti vuccati.
问:朋友,世尊在宣说这部《发趣大论》时,是分成几种方式来分别宣说的呢?巴利
Pucchā – tañcāvuso bhagavatā paṭṭhānamahāpakaraṇaṃ desentena katihi vārehi vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,世尊在宣说这部《发趣大论》时,是把名为“论母施设品”的缘略说和缘详说,以及大品,分成两品来宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – taṃ kho bhante bhagavatā paṭṭhānamahāpakaraṇaṃ desentena mātikānikkhepavārasaṅkhāto paccayuddeso paccayaniddeso mahāvāreti dvīhi paricchedavārehi vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
提问:贤友,在这些分节当中,第一论母安立分节里的缘略说这一部分,世尊是如何宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tesu āvuso vāresu paṭhame mātikānikkhepavāre paccayuddesavāro bhagavatā kathaṃ desito.
回答:尊者,在那两个分节当中,第一是论母安立分节,在缘的总标部分:因缘、所缘缘、增上缘、无间缘、等无间缘、俱生缘、相互缘、依止缘……乃至无离去缘。尊者,世尊确实就是这样以分别的方式开示的。巴利
Vissajjanā – tesu bhante dvīsu paricchedavāresu paṭhame mātikānikkhepavāre paccayuddese hetupaccayo ārammaṇapaccayo adhipatipaccayo anantarapaccayo samanantarapaccayo sahajātapaccayo aññamaññapaccayo nissayapaccayo…pe… avigatapaccayo’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā vibhajitvā desito.
问:贤友,接下来,世尊又是怎样把缘的解说这一部分加以分别开示的呢?巴利
Pucchā – tadanantaraṃ pana āvuso paccayaniddesavāro bhagavatā kathaṃ vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,紧接着,世尊以分别解说的方式开示了缘的详细说明这一部分:“因缘——因作为与因相应诸法以及由因所生诸色的因缘,而成为它们的缘。所缘缘——色所缘作为眼识界及与它相应诸法的所缘缘,而成为它们的缘。声处作为耳识界……香处作为鼻识界……味处作为舌识界……触处作为身识界及与它相应诸法的所缘缘,而成为它们的缘。色处、声处、香处、味处、触处作为意界及与它相应诸法的所缘缘,而成为它们的缘。一切法作为意识界及与它相应诸法的所缘缘,而成为它们的缘。无论以什么法为所缘,生起什么样的心与心所法,那些法都作为那些法的所缘缘,而成为它们的缘。”尊者,世尊就是这样以分别解说的方式开示的。巴利
Vissajjanā – tadanantaraṃ pana bhante paccayaniddesavāro ‘‘hetupaccayoti – hetū hetusampayuttakānaṃ dhammānaṃ taṃsamuṭṭhānānañca rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo. Ārammaṇapaccayoti – rūpārammaṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇadhātuyā taṃsampayuttakānañca dhammānaṃ ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo. Saddhāyatanaṃ sotaviññāṇadhātuyā…. Gandhāyatanaṃ ghānaviññāṇadhātuyā…. Rasāyatanaṃ jivhāviññāṇadhātuyā…. Phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ kāyaviññāṇadhātuyā taṃsampayuttakānañca dhammānaṃ ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo. Rūpāyatanaṃ saddāyatanaṃ gandhāyatanaṃ rasāyatanaṃ phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ manodhātuyā taṃsampayuttakānañca dhammānaṃ ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo. Sabbe dhammā manoviññāṇadhātuyā taṃsampayuttakānañca dhammānaṃ ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo. Yaṃ yaṃ dhammaṃ ārabbha ye ye dhammā uppajjanti cittacetasikā dhammā, te te dhammā tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vibhajitvā desito.
问:贤友,那么,在《阿毗达摩藏》第七部大论中,于两根本分中的第二大部分,正自觉者以分别的方式开示了多少处?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena abhidhammapiṭake sattame mahāpakaraṇe dvīsu padhānavāresu dutiye mahāvāre kati ṭhānāni vibhajitvā desitāni.
回答:尊者,在《阿毗达摩藏》的七部论中,第七部《大论》又叫《无边际法广说》,在其中两大主要章节的第二大节里,世尊分别开示了:法顺中的六种发趣;同样地,在法逆、法顺逆、法逆顺中,总共二十四种发趣。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante sattasu pakaraṇesu sattame anantanayasamantapaṭṭhāne mahāpakaraṇe dvīsu padhānaparicchedavāresu dutiye mahāvāre dhammānulome cha paṭṭhānāni, tathā dhammapaccanīye dhammānulomapaccanīye dhammapaccanīyānulometi catuvīsati paṭṭhānāni bhagavatā vibhajitvā desitāni.
法顺三法发趣巴利
Dhammānuloma tikapaṭṭhāna
提问:贤友,在这二十四发趣当中,第一法顺三法发趣里的二十二法,世尊是分成多少分来开示的?巴利
Pucchā – tesupi āvuso catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatitikā bhagavatā katihi vārehi vibhajitvā desitā.
回答:尊者,在这二十四种大发趣里,第一种法随顺三法发趣中的二十二个三法,世尊是把它分成七种分来开示的,也就是相缘分、俱生分、缘缘分、依止分、相杂分、相应分、问分,每一种各有七种分。巴利
Vissajjanā – tesu bhante catuvīsatiyā mahāpaṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatitikā paṭiccavāro sahajātavāro paccayavāro nissayavāro saṃsaṭṭhavāro sampayuttavāro pañhāvāroti sattahi sattahi vārehi vibhajitvā bhagavatā desitā.
善三法缘起分巴利
Kusalatika paṭiccavāra
问:贤友们,在这二十二个三法当中,第一个善三法里的七个大分中,第一个缘起大分,世尊是怎样详细分别开示的?巴利
Pucchā – tesu cāvuso dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu paṭhamo paṭiccamahāvāro bhagavatā kathaṃ vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在这二十二个三法当中,第一个善三法里的七个大分中,第一个缘大问分是这样的:善法作为缘,可能生起善法,这是因缘的作用。善法作为缘,可能生起不善法,这是因缘的作用。善法作为缘,可能生起无记法,这是因缘的作用。善法作为缘,可能生起善法和无记法,这是因缘的作用。善法作为缘,可能生起不善法和无记法,这是因缘的作用。善法作为缘,可能生起善法和不善法,这是因缘的作用。善法作为缘,可能生起善法、不善法和无记法,这是因缘的作用。像这样,通过问分的方式来提问。接着通过答分的方式来回答:善法作为缘,生起善法,这是因缘的作用。以善的一个蕴为缘,生起三个蕴;以三个蕴为缘,生起一个蕴;以两个蕴为缘,生起两个蕴。善法作为缘,生起无记法,这是因缘的作用。以善的诸蕴为缘,生起心生色法。善法作为缘,生起善法和无记法,这是因缘的作用。以善的一个蕴为缘,生起三个蕴以及心生色法;以三个蕴为缘,生起一个蕴以及心生色法;以两个蕴为缘,生起两个蕴以及心生色法。像这样,通过答分的方式来回答。又通过计数分的方式来说:因有九种,所缘有三种,增上有九种,无间有三种,等无间有三种,俱生有九种,相互有三种,依止有九种,亲依止有三种,前生有三种,习行有三种,业有九种,异熟有一种,食有三种,禅那有三种,根有三种,道有九种,相应有三种,不相应有三种,有有九种,无有三种,离去有三种,无离去有九种。世尊就是这样详细地分别开示的。巴利
Vissajjanā – tesu bhante dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu paṭhamo paṭiccamahāvāro siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalo dhammo uppajjeyya hetupaccayā. Siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca akusalo dhammo uppajjeyya hetupaccayā. Siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca abyākato dhammo uppajjeyya hetupaccayā. Siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalā ca abyākatā ca dhammā uppajjeyyuṃ hetupaccayā. Siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca akusalo ca abyākato ca dhammā uppajjeyyuṃ hetupaccayā. Siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalo ca akusalo ca dhammā uppajjeyyuṃ hetupaccayā. Siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalo ca akusalo ca abyākato ca dhammā uppajjeyyuṃ hetupaccayā’’ti evamādinā pucchāvārena ca. ‘‘Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā. Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca abyākato dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Kusale khandhe paṭicca cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ rūpaṃ. Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalo ca abyākato ca dhammā uppajjanti hetupaccayā. Kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpa’’nti evamādinā vissajjanā vissajjanāvārena ca. ‘‘Hetuyā nava, ārammaṇe tīṇi, adhipatiyā nava, anantare samanantare tīṇi, sahajāte nava, aññamaññe tīṇi, nissaye nava, upanissaye tīṇi, purejāte tīṇi, āsevane tīṇi, kamme nava, vipāke ekaṃ, āhāre jhāne indriye magge nava, sampayutte tīṇi, vippayutte atthiyā nava, natthiyā vigate tīṇi, avigate navā’’ti evamādinā saṅkhyāvārena ca bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
善法作为缘,善法可能以因缘生起。巴利
Siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalo dhammo uppajjeyya hetupaccayā.
善三法俱生分巴利
Kusalatika sahajātavāra
问:贤友,世尊……正自觉者……在阿毗达摩藏的大论典中,二十四发趣里第一法顺三法发趣、二十二三法里第一善三法、七大章里第二俱生章,是如何详细分别宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena abhidhammapiṭake mahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu dutiyo sahajātavāro kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏的大论典《发趣论》中,在二十四种发趣里,第一法随顺三法发趣、二十二个三法中的第一个善三法、七个大章中的第二个俱生章里,用“与善法俱生的善法以因缘生起;与善的一个蕴俱生的三个蕴,与三个蕴俱生的一个蕴,与两个蕴俱生的两个蕴。与善法俱生的无记法以因缘生起;与善蕴俱生的心等起色。与善法俱生的善法和无记法以因缘生起;与善的一个蕴俱生的三个蕴及心等起色,与三个蕴俱生的一个蕴及心等起色,与两个蕴及心等起色”等这样的回答方式,以及“因有九,所缘有三,增上有九,无间、等无间有三”等这样的计数方式,通过这两种方式加以庄严,依诵读法由世尊详细分别宣说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante anantanayapaṭṭhāne mahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu dutiyo sahajātāvāro ‘‘kusalaṃ dhammaṃ sahajāto kusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ sahajātā tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe sahajāto eko khandho, dve khandhe sahajātā dve khandhā. Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ sahajāto abyākato dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, kusale khandhe sahajātaṃ cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ rūpaṃ. Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ sahajāto kusalo ca abyākato ca dhammā uppajjanti hetupaccayā, kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ sahajātā tayo khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ, tayo khandhe sahajāto eko khandho cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ, dve khandhe cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpa’’nti evamādinā vissajjanāvārena ca. Hetuyā nava, ārammaṇe tīṇi, adhipatiyā nava, anantare samanantare tīṇī’’ti evamādinā saṅkhyāvārena ca vācanāmaggato dvīhi vārehi paṭimaṇḍitvā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
善三法缘起章巴利
Kusalatika paccayavāra
提问:贤友,那位世尊……正等正觉者,在《发趣大论》的二十四品中,第一品“法随顺三法发趣”里,二十二种三法中的第一“善三法”中,在七大章里的第三“缘章”,是怎样分析并以广说方式宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena paṭṭhānamahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu tatiyo paccayavāro kathaṃ vibhajitvā vitthārena desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏七部论中,第七部是《发趣大论》,又叫无尽理趣等起。在二十四品里,第一品是“法顺三法发趣”;在二十二种三法里,第一种是“善三法”;在七大章里,第三章是“缘章”。其中,用提问的方式说:“善法为缘,善法可能以因缘生起;善法为缘,不善法可能以因缘生起;善法为缘,无记法可能以因缘生起。”等等。用回答的方式说:“善法为缘,善法以因缘生起;以善的一蕴为缘,三蕴生起;以三蕴为缘,一蕴生起;以二蕴为缘,二蕴生起。”等等。用计数的方式说:“因缘十七,所缘缘七,增上缘十七,无间缘七,等无间缘七,俱生缘十七,相互缘七。”等等。世尊就是以缘顺、缘逆、缘顺逆、缘逆顺这四种理趣分别解说之后,才宣说了这些内容。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante sattasu pakaraṇesu sattame anantanayasamantapaṭṭhāne mahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne bāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu tatiyo paccayavāro ‘‘siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paccayā kusalo dhammo uppajjeyya hetupaccayā, siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paccayā akusalo dhammo uppajjeyya hetupaccayā, siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paccayā abyākato dhammo uppajjeyya hetupaccayā’’ti evamādinā pucchāvārena ca. ‘‘Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paccayā kusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paccayā tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paccayā eko khandho, dve khandhe paccayā dve khandhā’’ti evamādinā vissajjanāvārena ca. ‘‘Hetuyā sattarasa, ārammaṇe satta, adhipatiyā sattarasa, anantare samanantare satta, sahajāte sattarasa. Aññamaññe sattā’’ti evamādinā saṅkhyāvārena ca. Paccayānuloma paccaya paccaniya paccayānuloma paccanīya paccaya paccanīyānulomasaṅkhātehi catūhi nayehi vibhajitvā bhagavatā desito.
以善法为缘,善法以因缘生起。以善的一蕴为缘,三蕴生起;以三蕴为缘,一蕴生起;以二蕴为缘,二蕴生起……巴利
Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paccayā kusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paccayā tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paccayā eko khandho, dve khandhe paccayā dve khandhā- ….
问:贤友,那位世尊……正自觉者……在阿毗达摩藏七部大论典中的第七部《发趣大论典》里,于二十四种发趣之中,第一部《法随顺三法发趣》中,二十二个三法里的第一个善三法,在七个大章中的第七问分,是如何详细分别宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena abhidhammapiṭake sattasu mahāpakaraṇesu sattame paṭṭhānamahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu sattamo pañhāvāro kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,世尊在阿毗达摩藏七部论典中的第七部《发趣大论》,也就是《无尽理趣等起发趣大论》,在二十四品里的第一品《法随顺三法发趣品》,在二十二个三法组里的第一个善三法组,在七个大章里的第七问分中,通过提问的方式宣说:“善法可能以因缘作为善法的缘;善法可能以因缘作为不善法的缘;善法可能以因缘作为无记法的缘”等等;通过回答的方式宣说:“善法以因缘作为善法的缘,善因以因缘作为相应诸蕴的缘。善法以因缘作为无记法的缘,善因以因缘作为心等起色的缘”等等;通过计数的方式宣说:“因有七,所缘有九,增上有十,无间、等无间有七,俱生有九,相互有三,依止有十三,亲依止有九,前生、后生、习行有三,业有七,异熟有一。食、根、禅那、道有七,相应有三,不相应有五,有有十三,无、离去有七,不离去有十三”等等;并且以缘随顺、缘逆、缘随顺逆、缘逆随顺这四种理趣,详细分别宣说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante sattasu pakaraṇesu sattame anantanayasamantapaṭṭhāne mahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu sattamo pañhāvāro ‘‘siyā kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo. Siyā kusalo dhammo akusalassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo. Siyā kusalo dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā pucchāvārena ca. ‘‘Kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā vissajjanāvārena ca ‘‘hetuyā satta, ārammaṇe nava, adhipatiyā dasa, anantare samanantare satta, sahajāte nava, aññamaññe tīṇi, nissaye terasa, upanissaye nava, purejāte pacchājāte āsevane tīṇi, kamme satta, vipāke ekaṃ. Āhāre indriye jhāne magge satta, sampayutte tīṇi, vippayutte pañca, atthiyā terasa, natthiyā vigate satta, avigate terasā’’ti evamādinā saṅkhyāvārena ca paccayānulomapaccayapaccanīyapaccayānulomapaccanīyapaccayapaccanīyānulomasaṅkhātehi catūhi nayehi bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
善法以因缘作为善法的缘;善因以因缘作为相应诸蕴的缘。善法以因缘作为无记法的缘;善因以因缘作为心等起色的缘。善法以因缘作为善法与无记法的缘;善因以因缘作为相应诸蕴以及心等起色的缘……巴利
Kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo kusalassa ca abyākatassa ca dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ cittasamuṭṭhānānañca rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo ….
因缘分别巴利
Hetupaccayavibhaṅga
问:贤友,世尊……正自觉者在阿毗达摩藏七部论中,第七部《发趣大论》里,在二十四种发趣中,第一部《法顺三法发趣》里,在二十二个三法中,第一个《善三法》里,在七大问分中,第七《问分》里,在被称为问、答、数目的三转中,第二《答转》里,因缘分别是如何被详细分别并宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena abhidhammapiṭake sattasu pakaraṇesu sattame paṭṭhānamahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu sattame pañhāvāre pucchāvissajjanāsaṅkhyāvārasaṅkhātesu tīsu vāresu vissajjanāvāre hetupaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏七部论中,第七部是《发趣大论》,其中讲无边的理趣与方法。在二十四发趣里,第一部是《法随顺三法发趣》。在二十二个三法组里,第一个是《善三法》。在七个大问分里,第七个是《问分》。在称为缘随顺、缘逆、缘随顺逆、缘逆随顺这四种理趣里,第一种是《缘随顺理趣》。在称为问转、答转、数目转这三转里,第二是《答转》。就在这第二《答转》中,世尊把因缘分别详细地分析并宣说如下:巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante sattasu pakaraṇesu sattame anantanayasamantapaṭṭhāne mahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu sattame pañhāvāre paccayānulomapaccayapaccanīya paccayānuloma paccanīyapaccaya paccayanīyānulomasaṅkhātesu catūsu nayesu paṭhame paccayānulomanaye pucchāvāravissajjanāvārasaṅkhyāvārasaṅkhātesu tīsupi vāresu dutiye vissajjanāvāre hetupaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo. Kusalā hetū cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo kusalassa ca abyākatassa ca dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ cittasamuṭṭhānānañca rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
善法以因缘为缘,作为善法的缘;善因以因缘为缘,作为相应诸蕴的缘。善法以因缘为缘,作为无记法的缘;善因以因缘为缘,作为心所生色的缘。善法以因缘为缘,作为善法和无记法的缘;善因以因缘为缘,作为相应诸蕴和心所生色的缘。巴利
… ‘‘Kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū sampayattakānaṃ khandhānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo kusalassa ca abyākatassa ca dhammassa hetupaccayena paccayo, kusalā hetū sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ cittasamuṭṭhānānañca rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo’’.
所缘缘分别巴利
Ārammaṇapaccayavibhaṅga
问:贤友,世尊、正自觉者在阿毗达摩藏七部论中,于第七《发趣大论》,在二十四种发趣中,于第一《法随顺三法发趣》,在二十二个三法中,于第一《善三法》,在七大问中,于第七《问分》,在四种理趣中,于第一《缘随顺理趣》,在问、答、数目三转中,于第二《答转》,在因缘分别等二十四种分别中,第二所缘缘分别,是如何详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena abhidhammapiṭake sattasu pakaraṇesu sattame paṭṭhānamahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu sattame pañhāvāre catūsu nayesu paṭhame paccayānulomanaye pucchāvissajjanāsaṅkhyāvārasaṅkhātesu tīsu vāresu dutiye vissajjanāvāre hetupaccayavibhaṅgādīsu catuvīsatiyā vibhaṅgesu dutiyo ārammaṇapaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏七部论中,第七部《大论》即《无边际理趣周遍发趣》,在二十四发趣中,第一部《法随顺三法发趣》,在二十二三法中,第一善三法,在七大分中,第七问分,在四种理趣中,第一缘随顺理趣,在三转中,第二分别转,在因缘分别等二十四种分别中,第二所缘缘分别,世尊这样详细分别而宣说:“善法对善法以所缘缘为缘:布施后,受持戒后,作布萨后,观察那件事;观察以前所做的善行;从禅那出定后,观察禅那;有学观察种姓;观察清净;有学从道出后,观察道;有学或凡夫以无常、苦、无我随观善法;以他心智了知具足善心者的心;空无边处善对识无边处善以所缘缘为缘;无所有处善对非想非非想处善以所缘缘为缘;善蕴对神变智、他心智、宿住随念智、随业趣智、未来分智以所缘缘为缘。”巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante sattasu pakaraṇesu sattame anantanayasamantapaṭṭhāne mahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu sattame pañhāvāre catūsu nayesu paṭhame paccayānulomanaye tīsu ca vāresu dutiye vibhaṅgavāre hetupaccayavibhaṅgādīsu catuvīsatiyā vibhaṅgesu dutiyo ārammaṇapaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo, dānaṃ datvā sīlaṃ samādiyitvā uposathakammaṃ katvā taṃ paccavekkhati, pubbe suciṇṇāni paccavekkhati, jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā jhānaṃ paccavekkhati, sekkhā gotrabhuṃ paccavekkhanti, vodānaṃ paccavekkhanti, sekkhā maggā vuṭṭhahitvā maggaṃ paccavekkhanti, sekkhā vā puthujjanā vā kusalaṃ aniccato dukkhato anattato vipassanti, cetopariyañāṇena kusalacittasamaṅgissa cittaṃ jānanti, ākāsānañcāyatanakusalaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanakusalassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo. Ākiñcaññāyatanakusalaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakusalassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo. Kusalā khandhā iddhividhañāṇassa, cetopariyañāṇassa, pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa, yathākammupagañāṇassa, anāgataṃsañāṇassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
增上缘分别巴利
Adhipatipaccayavibhaṅga
问:贤友,在阿毗达摩藏七部论中,第七部《发趣大论》里,二十四发趣中第一《法顺三法发趣》中,二十二个三法里第一个善三法,七大章中第七问章,四种理趣中第一缘顺理趣,在称为问、答、数的三章中的第二章,即称为答的分别章,在因缘分别等二十四种分别中,第三增上缘分别,是怎样详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – abhidhammapiṭake āvuso sattasu pakaraṇesu sattame paṭṭhānamahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhānesu bāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu sattame pañhāvāre catūsu nayesu paṭhame paccayānulomanaye pucchāvissajjanāsaṅkhyāsaṅkhātesu tīsu vāresu dutiye vissajjanāsaṅkhāte vibhaṅgavāre hetupaccayavibhaṅgādīsu catuvīsatiyā vibhaṅgesu tatiyo adhipatipaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答——尊者,在阿毗达摩藏的七部论中,第七部是《发趣大论》,也叫《无边理趣广分别大论》。它有二十四发趣,其中第一是《法随顺三法发趣》,包含二十二个三法。第一个三法是《善三法》,有七种大分别,其中第七是《问分》。问分里有四种理趣,第一种是《缘随顺理趣》。在问答数所收的三个部分中,第二部分叫《答数分别》,也就是《分别分》,其中因缘分别等共有二十四种分别,第三种是增上缘分别。内容是:“善法对善法以增上缘为缘。有所缘增上,也有俱生增上。所缘增上——布施之后、受戒之后、做布萨之后,把那个法当作重要对象来观察;把过去做过的善行当作重要对象来观察;从禅那出定后,把禅那当作重要对象来观察;有学圣者把种姓智当作重要对象来观察;把清净净化当作重要对象来观察;有学圣者从道出定后,把道当作重要对象来观察。俱生增上——善的增上法对相应诸蕴以增上缘为缘。”世尊就是这样详细分别而宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante sattasu pakaraṇesu sattame anantanayasamantapaṭṭhāne mahāpakaraṇe catuvīsatiyā paṭṭhānesu paṭhame dhammānulomatikapaṭṭhāne bāvīsatiyā tikesu paṭhame kusalattike sattasu mahāvāresu sattame pañhāvāre catūsu nayesu paṭhame paccayānulomanaye pucchāvissajjanāsaṅkhyāsaṅkhātesu tīsu vāresu dutiye vissajjanāsaṅkhāte vibhaṅgavāre hetupaccayavibhaṅgādīsu catuvīsatiyā vibhaṅgesu tatiyo adhipatipaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa adhipatipaccayena paccayo. Ārammaṇādhipati, sahajātādhipati. Ārammaṇādhipati–dānaṃ datvā sīlaṃ samādiyitvā uposathakammaṃ katvā taṃ garuṃ katvā paccavekkhati. Pubbe suciṇṇāni garuṃ katvā paccavekkhati, jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā jhānaṃ garuṃ katvā paccavekkhati, sekkhā gotrabhuṃ garuṃ katvā paccavekkhanti, vodānaṃ garuṃ katvā paccavekkhanti, sekkhā maggā vuṭṭhahitvā maggaṃ garuṃ katvā paccavekkhanti. Sahajātādhipati–kusalādhipati sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ adhipatipaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
无间缘分别巴利
Anantarapaccayavibhaṅga
提问:贤友,世尊……第四无间缘分别,是怎样详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… catuttho anantarapaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……第四无间缘分别这样宣说:“善法以无间缘为缘,资助善法;前前善蕴以无间缘为缘,资助后后善蕴。随顺以无间缘为缘,资助种姓;随顺以无间缘为缘,资助清净;种姓以无间缘为缘,资助道;清净以无间缘为缘,资助道。”世尊就是这样详细分别后宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… catuttho anantarapaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, purimā purimā kusalā khandhā pacchimānaṃ pacchimānaṃ kusalānaṃ khandhānaṃ anantarapaccayena paccayo. Anulomaṃ gotrabhussa, anulomaṃ vodānassa, gotrabhu maggassa, vodānaṃ maggassa anantarapaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
俱生缘分别巴利
Sahajātapaccayavibhaṅga
问:贤友……第六俱生缘分别,是如何详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… chaṭṭho sahajātapaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在《阿毗达摩藏》中……第六个“俱生缘分别”是这样说的:“善法对善法以俱生缘为缘;一个善蕴对三个蕴以俱生缘为缘;三个蕴对一个蕴以俱生缘为缘;两个蕴对两个蕴以俱生缘为缘。善法对无记法以俱生缘为缘;善蕴对由心所生的色法以俱生缘为缘。”世尊就是这样详细分别开示的。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… chaṭṭho sahajātapaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa sahajātapaccayena paccayo, kusalo eko khandho tiṇṇannaṃ khandhānaṃ sahajātapaccayena paccayo, tayo khandhā ekassa khandhassa sahajātapaccayena paccayo, dve dvinnaṃ khandhānaṃ sahajātapaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa sahajātapaccayena paccayo, kusalā khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ rūpānaṃ sahajātapaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
亲依止缘分别巴利
Upanissayapaccayavibhaṅga
问:贤友,世尊……第九亲依止缘分别,是如何详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… navamo upanissayapaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
说明:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……第九亲依止缘分别:“善法是善法的亲依止缘。有所缘亲依止、无间亲依止、本性亲依止。所缘亲依止——布施后、受戒后、行布萨业后,把业当作值得敬重者来观察……巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… navamo upanissayapaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa upanissayapaccayena paccayo. Ārammaṇūpanissayo, anantarūpanissayo, pakatūpanissayo. Ārammaṇūpanissayo–dānaṃ datvā sīlaṃ samādiyitvā uposathakammaṃ katvā kaṃ garuṃ katvā paccavekkhati…pe…
本性亲依止——依靠信心,他布施、受持戒律、行持布萨业、生起禅那、生起观、生起道、生起神通、生起等至。世尊以这种方式详细分别而宣说。巴利
Pakatūpanissayo – saddhaṃ upanissāya dānaṃ deti sīlaṃ samādiyati uposathakammaṃ karoti, jhānaṃ uppādeti, vipassanaṃ uppādeti, maggaṃ uppādeti, abhiññaṃ uppādeti, samāpattiṃ uppādetī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
前生缘的详细分析巴利
Purejātapaccayavibhaṅga
问:尊者……第十前生缘分别,是怎样详细分别而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… dasamo purejātapaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……第十种前生缘分别这样详细解说:“无记法是无记法的前生缘,成为它的缘。这分为所缘前生和依处前生。所缘前生——阿罗汉观察眼为无常、苦、无我;观察鼻、舌、身、色、声、香、味、触、依处为无常、苦、无我;以天眼看见色,以天耳界听到声。色处是眼识的前生缘,声处是耳识的前生缘,香处是鼻识的前生缘,味处是舌识的前生缘,触处是身识的前生缘。依处前生——眼处是眼识的前生缘,耳处是耳识的前生缘,鼻处是鼻识的前生缘,舌处是舌识的前生缘,身处是身识的前生缘,依处是异熟无记和唯作无记诸蕴的前生缘。”世尊就是这样以种种方式详细分别而宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… dasamo purejātapaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘abyākato dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa purejātapaccayena paccayo. Ārammaṇapurejātaṃ, vatthupurejātaṃ. Ārammaṇapurejātaṃ–arahā cakkhuṃ aniccato dukkhato anattato vipassati. Ghānaṃ, jivhaṃ, kāyaṃ, rūpe, sadde, gandhe, rase, phoṭṭhabbe, vatthuṃ aniccato dukkhato anattato vipassati. Dibbena cakkhunā rūpaṃ passati, dibbāya sotadhātuyā saddaṃ suṇāti, rūpāyatanaṃ cakkhuviññāṇassa, saddāyatanaṃ sotaviññāṇassa, gandhāyatanaṃ ghānaviññāṇassa, rasāyatanaṃ jivhāviññāṇassa, phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ kāyaviññāṇassa purejātapaccayena paccayo. Vatthupurejātaṃ–cakkhāyatanaṃ cakkhuviññāṇassa, sotāyatanaṃ sotaviññāṇassa, ghānāyatanaṃ ghānaviññāṇassa, jivhāyatanaṃ jivhāviññāṇassa, kāyāyatanaṃ kāyaviññāṇassa, vatthu vipākābyākatānaṃ kriyābyākatānaṃ khandhānaṃ purejātapaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
业缘分别巴利
Kammapaccayavibhaṅga
问:尊者,世尊……第十三业缘分别,是如何详细分别而宣说的呢?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… terasamo kammapaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……第十三业缘分别这样宣说:“善法以业缘为缘,作为善法的缘。善思以业缘为缘,作为相应诸蕴的缘。善法以业缘为缘,作为无记法的缘。这里有俱生和异刹那两种情况。俱生——善思以业缘为缘,作为心生色法的缘。异刹那——善思以业缘为缘,作为异熟诸蕴以及业生色法的缘。善法以业缘为缘,作为善法和无记法的缘。善思以业缘为缘,作为相应诸蕴以及心生色法的缘。”世尊就是这样以种种方式详尽分别而宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… terasamo kammapaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa kammapaccayena paccayo, kusalā cetanā sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ kammapaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa kammapaccayena paccayo. Sahajātā, nānākkhaṇikā. Sahajātā–kusalā cetanā cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ rūpānaṃ kammapaccayena paccayo. Nānākkhaṇikā–kusalā cetanā vipākānaṃ khandhānaṃ kaṭattā ca rūpānaṃ kammapaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo kusalassa ca abyākatassa ca dhammassa kammapaccayena paccayo. Kusalā cetanā sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ cittasamuṭṭhānānañca rūpānaṃ kammapaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
食缘分别巴利
Āhārapaccayavibhaṅga
问:尊者……第十五个食缘分别,是怎样详细分别宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… pannarasamo āhārapaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……第十五个食缘分别,是世尊这样详细分别宣说的:“善法以食缘为缘,对善法有资助作用。善的食以食缘为缘,对相应的诸蕴有资助作用。善法以食缘为缘,对无记法有资助作用。善的食以食缘为缘,对心生色法有资助作用。”巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… pannarasamo āhārapaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa āhārapaccayena paccayo. Kusalā āhārā sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ āhārapaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa āhārapaccayena paccayo. Kusalā āhārā cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ rūpānaṃ āhārapaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
根缘分别巴利
Indriyapaccayavibhaṅga
提问:贤友,世尊……第十六根缘分别,是如何详细分别宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… soḷasamo indriyapaccayavibhaṅgo kathaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……第十六门根缘分别这样宣说:“善法是善法的根缘;善根是相应诸蕴的根缘。善法是无记法的根缘;善根是心生色法的根缘。”世尊就是这样详细分别开示的。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… soḷasamo indriyapaccayavibhaṅgo ‘‘kusalo dhammo kusalassa dhammassa indriyapaccayena paccayo, kusalo indriyā sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ indriyapaccayena paccayo. Kusalo dhammo abyākatassa dhammassa indriyapaccayena paccayo, kusalā indriyā cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ rūpānaṃ indriyapaccayena paccayo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
问:尊者,就这样……在称为问、答、数目章这三章当中,第三数目章是怎样详细分别解说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… pucchāvissajjanāsaṅkhyāvārasaṅkhātesu tīsu vāresu tatiyo saṅkhyāvāro kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……第三数目章说:“因缘有七种,所缘有九种,增上有十种,无间和等无间有七种,俱生有九种,相互有三种,依止有十三种,亲依止有九种,前生、后生和习行有三种,业有七种,异熟有一种,食有七种,根有七种,禅那有七种,道有七种,相应有三种,不相应有五种,有有十三种,无有和离去有七种,不离去有十三种。”世尊就是这样详细分别解说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… tatiyo saṅkhyāvāro ‘‘hetuyā satta, ārammaṇe nava, adhipatiyā dasa, anantara samanantare satta, sahajāte nava, aññamaññe tīṇi, nissaye terasa, upanissaye nava, purejāte pacchājāte āsevane tīṇi , kamme satta, vipāke ekaṃ, āhāre indriye jhāne magge satta, sampayutte tīṇi, vippayutte pañca, atthiyā terasa, natthiyā vigate satta, avigate terasā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desito.
因、俱生、依止、有、不离去,共七种;因、俱生、相互、依止、有、不离去,共三种;因、俱生、相互、依止、相应、有、不离去,共三种……巴利
Hetu sahajāta nissaya atthi avigatanti satta, hetu sahajāta aññamañña nissaya atthi avigatanti tīṇi, hetu sahajāta aññamañña nissaya sampayutta atthi avigatanti tīṇi …
受三法缘起分巴利
Vedanātika paṭiccavāra
问:尊者,世尊……先详细分别善三法之后,紧接着,以受三法为首的其余二十一三法,被详细分别解说了。巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… paṭhamaṃ kusalattikaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā tadanantaraṃ avasesā vedanāttikādayo ekavīsatitikā kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……先把善三法详细分别之后,紧接着,对以受三法为首的其余二十一个三法,也依照这样的方式详细分别解说:“缘于与乐受相应的法,与乐受相应的法以因缘生起。缘于与乐受相应的一个蕴,生起两个蕴;缘于两个蕴,生起一个蕴;在结生刹那,缘于与乐受相应的一个蕴,生起两个蕴;缘于两个蕴,生起一个蕴。”以及:“缘于异熟法,异熟法以因缘生起。缘于异熟的一个蕴,生起三个蕴;缘于三个蕴,生起一个蕴;缘于两个蕴,生起两个蕴;在结生刹那,缘于异熟的一个蕴,生起三个蕴;缘于三个蕴,生起一个蕴;缘于两个蕴,生起两个蕴。缘于异熟法,非异熟非异熟法之法以因缘生起;缘于异熟蕴,生起心生色;在结生刹那,缘于异熟蕴,生起业生色;缘于蕴,生起依处。”如此,在每一个三法中,以七个七个大章,在每一个大章中,又以四个四个理趣,由世尊详细分别解说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… paṭhamaṃ kusalattikaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā tadanantaraṃ avasesā vedanāttikādayo ekavīsatitikā ‘‘sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca sukhāya vedanāya sampayutto dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca dve khandhā, dve khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, paṭisandhikkhaṇe sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca dve khandhā, dve khandhe paṭicca eko khandho’’ti evamādinā ca. Vipākaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca vipāko dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Vipākaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā, paṭisandhikkhaṇe vipākaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā. Vipākaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca nevavipākanavipākadhammadhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, vipāke khandhe paṭicca cittasamuṭṭhānarūpaṃ, paṭisandhikkhaṇe vipāke khandhe paṭicca kaṭattārūpaṃ, khandhe paṭicca vatthū’’ti evamādinā ca ekekasmiṃ tike sattahi sattahi mahāvārehi ekekasmiñca mahāvāre catūhi catūhi nayehi bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitā.
问:尊者,在包含三法发趣等六种内含发趣之中,先宣说了三法发趣之后,紧接着又是如何详细分别解说二法发趣的呢?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… tikapaṭṭhānādīsu chasu antogadhapaṭṭhānādīsu paṭhamaṃ tikapaṭṭhānaṃ desetvā tadanantaraṃ dukapaṭṭhānaṃ kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答——尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……在三法发趣等六种内含发趣之中,先分别解说三法发趣,紧接着分别解说二法发趣,以“缘于因法,因法以因缘为缘而生起;缘于无贪,无嗔、无痴生起;缘于无嗔,无贪、无痴生起;缘于无痴,无贪、无嗔生起。缘于贪,痴生起;缘于痴,贪生起;缘于嗔,痴生起;缘于痴,嗔生起”等这样的方式,以及“缘于有诤法,有诤法以因缘为缘而生起;缘于有诤的一个蕴,三个蕴生起;缘于三个蕴,一个蕴生起;缘于两个蕴,两个蕴生起。缘于有诤法,无诤法以因缘为缘而生起;缘于有诤蕴,心生色生起。缘于有诤法,有诤法与无诤法以因缘为缘而生起;缘于有诤的一个蕴,三个蕴与心生色生起;缘于三个蕴,一个蕴与心生色生起;缘于两个蕴,两个蕴与心生色生起”等这样的方式,在每一个二法中,以七七大章,在每一个大章中,以四四理趣,由世尊详细分别解说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… tikapaṭṭhānādīsu chasu antogadhapaṭṭhānādīsu paṭhamaṃ tikapaṭṭhānaṃ vibhajitvā tadanantaraṃ dukapaṭṭhānaṃ ‘‘hetuṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca hetu dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, alobhaṃ paṭicca adoso amoho, adosaṃ paṭicca alobho amoho, amohaṃ paṭicca alobho adoso. Lobhaṃ paṭicca moho, mohaṃ paṭicca lobho, dosaṃ paṭicca moho, mohaṃ paṭicca doso’’ti evamādinā ca. Saraṇaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca saraṇo dammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, saraṇaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā. Saraṇaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca araṇo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, saraṇo khandhe paṭicca cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ rūpaṃ. Saraṇaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca saraṇo ca araṇo ca dhammā uppajjanti hetupaccayā. Saraṇaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpa’’nti evamādinā ca. Ekekasmiṃ duke sattahi sattahi mahāvārehi ekekasmiñca mahāvāre catūhi catūhi nayehi bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
依靠有诤的法,生起有诤的法,因缘;依靠有诤的一个蕴,生起三个蕴;依靠三个蕴,生起一个蕴;依靠两个巴利
Saraṇaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca saraṇo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, saraṇaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, dve
依靠蕴,两个蕴……巴利
Khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā …
二法三法发趣、二法二法发趣巴利
Dukatikapaṭṭhāna dukadukapaṭṭhāna
问:尊者,那么……中略……在《三法发趣》等六部所含的发趣中,先分别宣说了《三法发趣》和《二法发趣》,剩下的《二法三法发趣》等四种发趣,又是怎么分别宣说的呢?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… tikapaṭṭhānādīsu chasu antogadhapaṭṭhānesu paṭhamaṃ tikapaṭṭhānañca dutiyaṃ dukapaṭṭhānañca vibhajitvā tadavasesāni dukatikapaṭṭhānādīni cattāro paṭṭhānāni kathaṃ vibhajitvā desitāni.
回答——尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……中略……在三法发趣等所含的六部发趣中,先把第一的三法发趣和第二的二法发趣分开来讲,然后对剩下的二法三法发趣等,按照“依因善法,由因缘生起因善法。依因善法,由因缘生起非因善法。依因善法,由因缘生起因善法与非因善法。依非因善法,由因缘生起非因善法。依非因善法,由因缘生起因善法。依非因善法,由因缘生起因善法与非因善法”这样的方式,详细分别加以宣说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… tikapaṭṭhānādīsu chasu antogadhapaṭṭhānesu paṭhamaṃ tikapaṭṭhānañca dutiyaṃ dukapaṭṭhānañca vibhajitvā tadavasesā dukatikapaṭṭhānādayo ‘‘hetuṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca hetu kusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Hetuṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca nahetu kusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Hetuṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca hetu kusalo ca nahetu kusalo ca dhammā uppajjanti hetupaccayā, nahetuṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca nahetu kusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, nahetuṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca hetu kusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, nahetuṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca hetu kusalo ca nahetu kusalo ca dhammā uppajjanti hetupaccayā’’ti evamādinā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitāni.
法逆发趣巴利
Dhammapaccanīyapaṭṭhāna
问:那么,贤友,由世尊……略……详细分析了第一法顺发趣之后,紧接着的第二法逆发趣,是如何详细分析而宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… paṭhamaṃ dhammānulomapaṭṭhānaṃ vibhajitvā tadanantaraṃ dutiyaṃ dhammapaccanīyapaṭṭhānaṃ kathaṃ vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……中略……世尊先详细分析了第一法随顺发趣,紧接着又详细分析并宣说了第二法逆发趣:“依靠非善法,以因缘生起非善法。依靠不善无记的一蕴,以因缘生起不善无记的三蕴以及心所生色。依靠三蕴,以因缘生起一蕴以及心所生色。依靠二蕴,以因缘生起二蕴以及心所生色。依靠非善法,以因缘生起非不善法。依靠异熟无记和唯作无记的一蕴,以因缘生起三蕴以及心所生色。依靠三蕴,以因缘生起一蕴以及心所生色。依靠二蕴,以因缘生起二蕴以及心所生色。在结生刹那……中略……依靠非善法,以因缘生起非无记法。依靠不善的一蕴,以因缘生起三蕴;依靠三蕴,以因缘生起一蕴;依靠二蕴,以因缘生起二蕴。”像这样,在包括三法发趣在内的六种发趣中,对每一种——三法发趣、二法发趣、二法三法发趣、三法二法发趣、三法三法发趣、二法二法发趣——都以七种大转起,又在每一种大转起中以四理趣,由世尊详细分析并宣说了。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… paṭhamaṃ dhammānulomapaṭṭhānaṃ vibhajitvā tadanantaraṃ dutiyaṃ dhammapaccanīyapaṭṭhānaṃ ‘‘nakusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca nakusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Akusalābyākataṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca akusalābyākatā tayo khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Nakusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca naakusalo dhammo uppajjati hetu paccayā. Vipākābyākataṃ kiriyābyākataṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Paṭisandhikkhaṇe…pe… nakusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca naabyākato dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Akusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā’’ti evamādinā tikapaṭṭhānādīhi chahi antogadhapaṭṭhānehi ekekasmiñca tikapaṭṭhāne dukapaṭṭhāne dukatikapaṭṭhāne tikadukapaṭṭhāne tikatikapaṭṭhāne dukadukapaṭṭhāne sattahi sattahi mahāvārehi ekekasmiñca mahāvāre catūhi catūhi nayehi bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
法顺逆发趣巴利
Dhammānulomapaccanīyapaṭṭhāna
问:那么,尊者,世尊在……中略……是如何把第三法顺逆发趣详细分别并宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… tatiyaṃ dhammānulomapaccanīyapaṭṭhānaṃ kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:在阿毗达摩藏中……中略……第三法随顺逆发趣,说的是:“依善法,因缘生起非善法。依善蕴,生起心等起色。依善法,因缘生起非不善法。依善一蕴,生起三蕴以及心等起色。依三蕴,生起一蕴以及心等起色。依二蕴,生起二蕴以及心等起色。依善法,因缘生起非无记法。依善一蕴,生起三蕴;依三蕴,生起一蕴;依二蕴,生起二蕴。依善法,因缘生起非不善法与非无记法。依善一蕴,生起三蕴……中略……依二蕴,生起二蕴。依善法,因缘生起非善法与非不善法。依善蕴,生起心等起色。”像这样等等,世尊用三法发趣等六种所含摄的发趣,在每一个三法发趣、二法发趣、三法二法发趣、二法三法发趣、三法三法发趣、二法二法发趣当中,以七个大转起,又在每一个大转起中以四理趣,详细分别而宣说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake…pe… tatiyaṃ dhammānulomapaccanīyapaṭṭhānaṃ ‘‘kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca nakusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Kusale khandhe paṭicca cittasamuṭṭhānarūpaṃ. Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca naakusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca naabyākato dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā. Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca naakusalo ca naabyākato ca dhammā uppajjanti hetupaccayā. Kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā…pe… dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā. Kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca nakusalo ca naakusalo ca dhammā uppajjanti hetupaccayā. Kusale khandhe paṭicca cittasamuṭṭhānarūpa’’nti evamādinā bhante tikapaṭṭhānādīhi chahi antogadhapaṭṭhānehi ekekasmiñca tikapaṭṭhāne dukapaṭṭhāne tikadukapaṭṭhāne dukatikapaṭṭhāne tikatikapaṭṭhāne dukadukapaṭṭhāne sattahi sattahi mahāvārehi ekekasmiñca mahāvāre catūhi catūhi nayehi bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
法逆顺发趣巴利
Dhammapaccanīyānulomapaṭṭhāna
问:贤友,世尊……中略……在法顺等为主的四种发趣中,作为终结的第四种法逆顺发趣,是如何详细分别而宣说的呢?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… dhammānulomādīsu padhānabhūtesu catūsu paṭṭhānesu catutthaṃ pariyosānabhūtaṃ dhammapaccanīyānulomapaṭṭhānaṃ kathaṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在阿毗达摩藏中……中略……在法随顺等四种作为核心的大发趣中,作为最终归宿的第四种——法逆随顺发趣,是这样说的:“依靠非善法,以因缘为条件,生起不善法;依靠一个不善蕴,生起三个蕴;依靠三个蕴,生起一个蕴;依靠两个蕴,生起两个蕴。依靠非善法,以因缘为条件,生起非不善法。依靠不善蕴,生起心所生色——异熟无记和唯作无记的;依靠一个蕴,生起三个蕴以及心所生色……中略……依靠两个蕴,生起两个蕴以及心所生色。依靠蕴,生起依处;依靠依处,生起蕴。依靠非善法,以因缘为条件,生起非无记法;依靠一个不善蕴,生起三个蕴;依靠三个蕴,生起一个蕴;依靠两个蕴,生起两个蕴。”像这样等等,世尊以三法发趣等六种所含摄的发趣,在每一个三法发趣、二法发趣、二法三法发趣、三法二法发趣、三法三法发趣、二法二法发趣中,又以缘依转起等七种大转起,在每一个大转起中再以缘随顺等四种方式,详细分别而宣说。巴利
Vissajjanā – abhidhammapiṭake bhante…pe… dhammānulomapaṭṭhānādīsu catūsu padhānabhūtesu mahāpaṭṭhānesu catutthaṃ pariyosānabhūtaṃ dhammapaccanīyānulomapaṭṭhānaṃ ‘‘nakusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca akusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, akusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā. Nakusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca naakusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā. Akusale khandhe paṭicca cittasamuṭṭhānarūpaṃ, vipākābyākataṃ kriyābyākataṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ…pe… dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā cittasamuṭṭhānañca rūpaṃ. Khandhe paṭicca vatthu, vatthuṃ paṭicca khandhā. Nakusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca naabyākato dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, akusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā, tayo khandhe paṭicca eko khandho, dve khandhe paṭicca dve khandhā’’ti evamādinā tikapaṭṭhānādīhi cāti antogadhapabhedapaṭṭhānehi ekekasmiñca tikapaṭṭhāne dukapaṭṭhāne dukatikatikadukatikatikadukadukapaṭṭhāne paṭiccavārādīhi sattahi mahāvārehi ekekasmiñca mahāvāre paccayānulomādīhi catūhi catūhi nayehi bhagavatā vitthārato vibhajitvā desitaṃ.