2. 所缘缘
2. Ārammaṇapaccayo
8 段
什么是所缘缘?一切心和心所法、一切色法、一切涅槃、一切概念,都是所缘缘。因为确实没有任何一个法,不是心和心所的所缘。简略地说,所缘有六种:色所缘、声所缘、香所缘、味所缘、触所缘、法所缘。
Katamo ārammaṇapaccayo. Sabbepi cittacetasikā dhammā sabbepi rūpadhammā sabbaṃpi nibbānaṃ sabbāpi paññattiyo ārammaṇa paccayo. Na hi so nāma ekopi dhammo atthi, yo citta cetasikānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ na hoti. Saṅkhepato pana ārammaṇaṃ chabbidhaṃ hoti rūpārammaṇaṃ saddārammaṇaṃ gandhārammaṇaṃ rasārammaṇaṃ phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaṃ dhammārammaṇanti.
哪些法是所缘缘的缘生法?一切心和心所法都是所缘缘的缘生法。因为确实没有任何一种心,能在没有所缘的情况下生起,不管那个所缘是真实的还是虚假的。
Katame dhammā ārammaṇapaccayassa paccayuppannā. Sabbepi citta cetasikādhammā ārammaṇapaccayassa paccayuppannā. Na hi kiñci cittaṃ nāma atthi, yaṃ cittaṃ bhūtena vā abhūtena vā ārammaṇena vinā pavattati.
在这里,现在的色所缘是两种眼识心的所缘缘。现在的声所缘是两种耳识心的所缘缘。现在的香所缘是两种鼻识心的所缘缘。现在的味所缘是两种舌识心的所缘缘。现在的三种触所缘是两种身识心的所缘缘。这些现在的五种所缘,是三种意界心的所缘缘。而所有这一切过去、未来、现在的五种所缘,或者一切属于三时以及超越时间的法所缘,都分别作为七十六种意识心的所缘缘。
Tattha paccuppannaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa cakkhuviññāṇacittassa ārammaṇapaccayo. Paccuppannaṃ saddārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa sotaviññāṇa cittassa. Paccuppannaṃ gandhārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa ghānaviññāṇacittassa. Paccuppannaṃ rasārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa jithaviññāṇacittassa. Paccuppannaṃ tividhaṃ phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa kāyaviññāṇacittassa. Paccuppannāni tāni pañcārammaṇāni tividhassa manodhātucittassa ārammaṇapaccayo. Sabbāni tāni atītānāgatapaccuppannāni pañcārammaṇāni vā sabbāni tekālikāni kālavimuttāni dhammārammaṇāni vā cha sattatividhānaṃ manoviññāṇacittānaṃ yathārahaṃ ārammaṇapaccayo.
以什么含义称为所缘?以什么含义称为缘?以能被心与心所取为对象的含义,称为所缘;以能助成的含义,称为缘。
Kenaṭṭhena ārammaṇaṃ, kenaṭṭhena paccayoti. Citta cetasikehi ālambitabbaṭṭhena ārammaṇaṃ, upakārakaṭṭhena paccayoti.
在这里,“以能被缘取之义”是指:所谓缘取作用,就是心和心所的取所缘作用,也就是执取所缘的作用。
Ālambitabbaṭṭhenāti cettha ālambaṇakiriyā nāma citta cetasikānaṃ ārammaṇaggahaṇakiriyā, ārammaṇupādāna kiriyā.
就像世间有一种叫“磁铁”的特殊金属,它因为想要铁、渴求铁而得名。当它靠近铁块时,就像在对那铁块生起欲求、生起渴望一样,朝着铁块晃动;要么它自己移向铁块,要么把铁块拉向自己,铁块也朝着它晃动、向它靠近。这就是磁铁的“缘取作用”。同样,应当理解心和心所在面对所缘时的缘取作用。而且,并不只是在所缘上有缘取而已:心和心所这些法在有情的相续中生起时,在所缘呈现于六门的每一个刹那,它们都刹那刹那地生起,生起之后又刹那刹那地灭去。
Yathā hi loke ayodhātuṃ kāmeti icchatīti atthena ayokantako nāma lohadhātuviseso atthi. So ayokhandhasamīpaṃ sampatto taṃ ayokhandhaṃ kāmento viya icchanto viya ayokhandhābhimukho cañcalati. Sayaṃ vā taṃ ayokhandhaṃ upagacchati. Ayokhandhaṃ vā attābhimukhaṃ ākaḍḍhati, ayokhandho tadabhimukho cañcalati, taṃ vā upagacchati. Ayaṃ ayokantakassa ālambaṇakiriyā nāma. Evameva cittacetasikānaṃ ārammaṇesu ālambaṇakiriyā daṭṭhabbā. Na kevalaṃ ārammaṇesu ālambaṇa mattaṃ hoti. Atha kho cittacetasikā dhammā sattasantāne uppajjamānā chasu dvāresu ārammaṇānaṃ āpātāgamane eva khaṇe khaṇe uppajjanti. Uppajjitvā ca khaṇe khaṇe nirujjhanti.
就像用手敲鼓面的时候,鼓声就在每一个刹那、每一个刹那生起,生起之后又在每一个刹那、每一个刹那灭去。就像用手指拨琴弦的时候,琴声就在每一个刹那、每一个刹那生起,生起之后又在每一个刹那、每一个刹那灭去。即使在睡眠者有分心转起的时候,过去生临终时呈现在六门的业、业相或趣相,也正是有分心的所缘缘。所缘缘的说明到此结束。
Yathā taṃ bheritale bherisaddā uppajjamānā tattha tattha hatthena paharaṇakāle eva khaṇe khaṇe uppajjanti, uppajjitvā ca khaṇe khaṇe nirujjhanti. Vīṇāsaddā uppajjamānā vīṇātantīsu tattha tattha vīṇādantakena paharaṇakāle eva khaṇe khaṇe uppajjanti, uppajjitvā ca khaṇe khaṇe nirujjhantīti. Niddāyantassa bhavaṅgacittappavatti kālepi pubbabhave maraṇāsannakāle chasu dvāresu āpāta māgatāni kamma kammanimitta gatinimittāni eva bhavaṅgacittānaṃ ārammaṇapaccayoti. Ārammaṇapaccayadīpanā niṭṭhitā.