237237. 现在,为了开示能断除那三种颠倒的圣道,而对所说的道论作不重复意义的注释。其中,“道”是以什么含义称为道呢?在佛陀的教法中,被称为“道”的,究竟是以什么含义而成为道呢?这就是这里的意思。在“为断邪见”等十种表述中,每一种都是按直接对治各自道支的方式来说的。“既是道,也是因”:以行道的含义是道,以能到达的含义是因,这是为了完成各自的作用。这样就说到了道的行道含义和能到达的含义。因为在“这是道,这是行道”等中,行道就是道;在“道的出离含义、因的含义”等中,能到达者就是因。如此,以两两之句,对“道是以什么含义称为道”这一问题的回答就完成了。“为资助俱生诸法”:以俱生、互相依止等状态资助自己俱生的无色法。“为遍尽诸烦恼”:为舍断各自道所断的、所说的剩余烦恼。“为清净通达等”:在此,由于“什么是诸善法的初?戒清净和见正直”之说,戒和见是通达诸谛的初。而那在初道刹那清净。因此说“为清净通达等”。“为心之安立”:为令相应心住于各自作用。“为心之清净”:为令心清净。“为证得殊胜”:为获得比世间更殊胜。“为更上通达”:为比世间更上地通达。“为现观诸谛”:为以作用成就的方式现观四谛,即一通达。“为安立于灭”:为令心或人安立于涅槃。在斯陀含道刹那等中,将八道支合在一起,说断除各自道所断的烦恼。这样说时,理由如前所说。由于以上上道也善能清净初分、善能令心清净,因此也说了那些词句。
237. Idāni tesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vipallāsānaṃ pahānakaraṃ ariyamaggaṃ dassentena kathitāya maggakathāya apubbatthānuvaṇṇanā. Tattha maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggoti yo buddhasāsane maggoti vuccati, so kenaṭṭhena maggo nāma hotīti attho. Micchādiṭṭhiyā pahānāyātiādīsu dasasu pariyāyesu paṭhamo paṭhamo tassa tassa maggaṅgassa ujuvipaccanīkavasena vutto. Maggo ceva hetu cāti tassa tassa kiccassa karaṇāya paṭipadaṭṭhena maggo, sampāpakaṭṭhena hetu. Tena maggassa paṭipadaṭṭho sampāpakaṭṭho ca vutto hoti. ‘‘Ayaṃ maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.5, 48) hi paṭipadā maggo, ‘‘maggassa niyyānaṭṭho hetuṭṭho’’tiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 2.8) sampāpako hetu. Evaṃ dvīhi dvīhi padehi ‘‘maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo’’ti pucchāya vissajjanaṃ kataṃ hoti. Sahajātānaṃ dhammānaṃ upatthambhanāyāti attanā sahajātānaṃ arūpadhammānaṃ sahajātaaññamaññanissayādibhāvena upatthambhanabhāvāya. Kilesānaṃ pariyādānāyāti taṃtaṃmaggavajjhānaṃ vuttāvasesakilesānaṃ khepanāya. Paṭivedhādivisodhanāyāti ettha yasmā ‘‘ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, sīlañca suvisuddhaṃ diṭṭhi ca ujukā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.369, 381) vacanato sīlañca diṭṭhi ca saccapaṭivedhassa ādi. So ca ādimaggakkhaṇe visujjhati. Tasmā ‘‘paṭivedhādivisodhanāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Cittassa adhiṭṭhānāyāti sampayuttacittassa sakakicce patiṭṭhānāya. Cittassa vodānāyāti cittassa parisuddhabhāvāya. Visesādhigamāyāti lokiyato visesapaṭilābhāya. Uttari paṭivedhāyāti lokiyato uttari paṭivijjhanatthāya. Saccābhisamayāyāti catunnaṃ saccānaṃ ekābhisamayāya kiccanipphattivasena ekapaṭivedhāya. Nirodhe patiṭṭhāpanāyāti cittassa vā puggalassa vā nibbāne patiṭṭhāpanatthāya. Sakadāgāmimaggakkhaṇādīsu aṭṭha maggaṅgāni ekato katvā taṃtaṃmaggavajjhakilesappahānaṃ vuttaṃ. Evaṃ vacane kāraṇaṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva. Yasmā uparūparimaggenāpi suṭṭhu ādivisodhanā suṭṭhu cittavodānañca hoti, tasmā tānipi padāni vuttāni.
从“见道”等开始,一直到最后的文句,都是就那法的特征来说明“道”的含义。所有这些词句,其意义都和“应被遍知”的解释中所说的相同。这样,在这里就随其相应,既说明了世间道,也说明了出世间道。而“以因的含义为道”这句话,说的是八支圣道。又因为这就是究竟无余的道,所以不再另外说它是“道”。至于“以增上的含义为根”等说法,则是依根等的意义而说的,并不是依道的含义。这里的“诸谛”指的是谛智。这一切法,都依通往涅槃的行道之义而称为“道”。然而最后所说的涅槃,是被轮回之苦所逼迫、渴望出离的善士们所寻觅、所寻求的,因此也称为“道”——应当这样理解。
Dassanamaggotiādīhi yāva pariyosānā tassa dhammassa lakkhaṇavasena maggaṭṭho vutto. Tāni sabbānipi padāni abhiññeyyaniddese vuttatthāneva. Evamettha yathāsambhavaṃ lokiyalokuttaro maggo niddiṭṭho. Hetuṭṭhena maggoti ca aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo niddiṭṭho. Nippariyāyamaggattā cassa puna ‘‘maggo’’ti na vuttaṃ. Ādhipateyyaṭṭhena indriyāti ādīni ca indriyādīnaṃ atthavasena vuttāni, na maggaṭṭhavasena. Saccānīti cettha saccañāṇāni. Sabbepi te dhammā nibbānassa paṭipadaṭṭhena maggo. Ante vuttaṃ nibbānaṃ pana saṃsāradukkhābhibhūtehi dukkhanissaraṇatthikehi sappurisehi maggīyati gavesīyatīti maggoti vuttanti veditabbanti.