第4品 长老品
(9) 4. Theravaggo
《可染经》的注释
1. Rajanīyasuttavaṇṇanā
8181. 在第四品的第一经里,“可染着”指的是能成为贪的缘的所缘。在其余各经里,道理也一样。
81. Catutthassa paṭhame rajanīyesūti rāgassa paccayesu ārammaṇesu. Sesesupi eseva nayo.
2. 《离贪经》的注释
2. Vītarāgasuttavaṇṇanā
8282. 第二经中,覆藏者(makkhī)是指覆藏别人功德的人。专横者(paḷāsī)是指具有专横的人,其特相是执取对立两端。
82. Dutiye makkhīti guṇamakkhako. Paḷāsīti yugaggāhalakkhaṇena paḷāsena samannāgato.
3. 《诡诈经》注释
3. Kuhakasuttavaṇṇanā
83在第三经中,“骗人者”指具备三种欺骗手段的人。“饶舌者”指为了利养而说饶舌之语的人。“占相者”指以看相、示兆为业的人。“逼榨者”指惯于压榨他人、以逼榨方式获利的人。“以利求利”指用已有的利养去贪求更多利养。白净分应当按前面所说的相反方式来理解。第四经则浅显易懂。
83. Tatiye kuhakoti tīhi kuhanavatthūhi samannāgato. Lapakoti lābhasannissitāya lapanāya samannāgato. Nemittikoti nimittakiriyakārako. Nippesikoti nippesanakatāya samannāgato. Lābhena ca lābhaṃ nijigīsitāti lābhena lābhagavesako. Sukkapakkho vuttavipallāsavasena veditabbo. Catutthaṃ uttānameva.
第五部《不能忍经》的注释
5. Akkhamasuttavaṇṇanā
85在第五个(经)中,“对色不能忍”是指:对以色为所缘的对象无法忍受,会被那些以它为所缘的贪等烦恼所压倒。一切处都应这样理解。
85. Pañcame akkhamo hoti rūpānanti rūpārammaṇānaṃ anadhivāsako hoti, tadārammaṇehi rāgādīhi abhibhuyyati. Eseva nayo sabbattha.
第6篇《得无碍解经》的注释
6. Paṭisambhidāppattasuttavaṇṇanā
8686. 第六经中:“达到义无碍解”是指对五种义获得了区分智。“达到法无碍解”是指对四种法获得了区分智。“达到词无碍解”是指对法的词句获得了区分智。“达到辩无碍解”是指对那三种智获得了区分智。不过,他只是了知那三种智本身,并不执行它们的功能。“高高低低”是指大大小小的事情,“应当做的事”是指该去做的那些事。
86. Chaṭṭhe atthapaṭisambhidāppattoti pañcasu atthesu pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ patto. Dhammapaṭisambhidāppattoti catubbidhe dhamme pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ patto. Niruttipaṭisambhidāppattoti dhammaniruttīsu pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ patto. Paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāppattoti tesu tīsu ñāṇesu pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ patto. So pana tāni tīṇi ñāṇāneva jānāti, na tesaṃ kiccaṃ karoti. Uccāvacānīti mahantakhuddakāni. Kiṃkaraṇīyānīti iti kattabbāni.
第7经《具戒经》的注释
7. Sīlavantasuttavaṇṇanā
87第七经的意义本身就很浅显。不过这里应当知道:其中所说的“戒”,就是漏尽者的戒;“多闻”,也是漏尽者的多闻;“言语”,也是漏尽者的善语;所说的“禅那”,也只是唯作禅那。
87. Sattamaṃ uttānatthameva. Sīlaṃ panettha khīṇāsavasīlameva, bāhusaccampi khīṇāsavabāhusaccameva, vācāpi khīṇāsavassa kalyāṇavācāva, jhānānipi kiriyajjhānāneva kathitānīti veditabbāni.
第8章《长老经》的注释
8. Therasuttavaṇṇanā
88第八经的注释:“长老”指已经达到稳固境界的人。“久知夜者”指从出家那天起,就知道已经度过了许多个夜晚。“已知者”指被大家知道、广为人知。“有声誉者”指有名声依托。“邪见者”指持有不正确的见解。“令从正法退转”指使人从十善业道的法上退转。“安立于非正法”指使人安立在十不善业道中。
88. Aṭṭhame theroti thirabhāvappatto. Rattaññūti pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya atikkantānaṃ bahūnaṃ rattīnaṃ ñātā. Ñātoti paññāto pākaṭo. Yasassīti yasanissito. Micchādiṭṭhikoti ayāthāvadiṭṭhiko. Saddhammā vuṭṭhāpetvāti dasakusalakammapathadhammato vuṭṭhāpetvā. Asaddhamme patiṭṭhāpetīti akusalakammapathesu patiṭṭhāpeti.
第九经《第一有学经》的注释
9. Paṭhamasekhasuttavaṇṇanā
89第九经中,“有学”指还在修学、仍有应做之事的修行者。“为退转”指为了从更上层的功德退失。“乐作事”指喜欢做新事务的状态。“乐谈论”指喜欢闲聊交谈的状态。“乐睡眠”指喜欢睡觉的状态。“乐杂闹”指喜欢众人聚集热闹的状态。“不如实省察心之解脱”意思是:不依照心解脱的真实情况去省察——哪些过失已断除、哪些功德已获得——因此不再为证得更上层的功德而努力。这样,在这部经里,就讲了七种有学从上层功德退失的原因,以及增长的原因。而且,这些有学的退转因,在凡夫那里从一开始就全都存在。
89. Navame sekhassāti sikkhakassa sakaraṇīyassa. Parihānāyāti upariguṇehi parihānatthāya. Kammārāmatāti navakamme ramanakabhāvo. Bhassārāmatāti ālāpasallāpe ramanakabhāvo. Niddārāmatāti niddāyane ramanakabhāvo. Saṅgaṇikārāmatāti gaṇasaṅgaṇikāya ramanakabhāvo. Yathāvimuttaṃ cittaṃ na paccavekkhatīti yathā yaṃ cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, ye ca dosā pahīnā, guṇā ca paṭiladdhā, te paccavekkhitvā upariguṇapaṭilābhāya vāyāmaṃ na karotīti attho. Iti imasmiṃ sutte sattannaṃ sekhānaṃ upariguṇehi parihānikāraṇañca vuddhikāraṇañca kathitaṃ. Yañca nāma sekhassa parihānakāraṇaṃ, taṃ puthujjanassa paṭhamameva hotīti.
第十经:第二有学经的注释
10. Dutiyasekhasuttavaṇṇanā
90第十经中:“已学成”指聪明、善巧。“于所应作中”指在应当做的事情上。“心寂止”指定业处的止。“以不随顺”指以与教法不相应的方式。“以不合时宜”指过早。“以过午”中,正午称为日中,指过了正午之后。“极能削减”指非常有力量地削减烦恼。“适合心开显”指适合称为“心开显”的止与观。“少欲论”指“应当少欲”这样的言论。“知足论”指“对于四种资具应当知足”这样的言论。“远离论”指“应以三种远离而独处”这样的言论。“不交际论”指“不应以五种交际而混杂”这样的言论。“精进策励论”指“应当发起两种精进”这样的言论。关于戒论等中,围绕戒的言论就是戒论。围绕定、围绕慧、围绕五种解脱、围绕称为十九种观察的解脱智见之言论,就是解脱智见论。“非随欲所得”等中,指不是想要就能得到,而是难得、不丰裕。其余部分意思浅显易懂。
90. Dasame viyattoti byatto cheko. Kiṃkaraṇīyesūti iti kattabbesu. Cetosamathanti samādhikammaṭṭhānaṃ. Ananulomikenāti sāsanassa ananucchavikena. Atikālenāti atipātova. Atidivāti divā vuccati majjhanhiko, taṃ atikkamitvā. Ābhisallekhikāti ativiya kilesasallekhikā. Cetovivaraṇasappāyāti cittavivaraṇasaṅkhātānaṃ samathavipassanānaṃ sappāyā. Appicchakathāti appicchā hothāti kathanakathā. Santuṭṭhikathāti catūhi paccayehi santuṭṭhā hothāti kathanakathā. Pavivekakathāti tīhi vivekehi vivittā hothāti kathanakathā. Asaṃsaggakathāti pañcavidhena saṃsaggena asaṃsaṭṭhā hothāti kathanakathā. Vīriyārambhakathāti duvidhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhathāti kathanakathā. Sīlakathādīsu sīlaṃ ārabbha kathā sīlakathā. Samādhiṃ ārabbha, paññaṃ ārabbha, pañcavidhaṃ vimuttiṃ ārabbha, ekūnavīsatipaccavekkhaṇasaṅkhātaṃ vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ ārabbha kathā vimuttiñāṇadassanakathā. Na nikāmalābhītiādīsu na icchiticchitalābhī, dukkhalābhī na vipulalābhīti attho. Sesaṃ uttānatthamevāti.