第五 蒙达王品
5. Muṇḍarājavaggo
《受用经》的注释
1. Ādiyasuttavaṇṇanā
4141. 第五集第一经中,“财之摄取”指应当摄取财富的种种因由。“由发起精进而得”指以被称为发起的精进而获得。“由臂力积集”指以臂力所积集。“由流汗而成”指流汗劳力而成就。“如法”指与法相应。“依法所得”指不破坏十善业而获得。“令饱满”指令其饱满、肥壮。此处其余部分,应依四集经中所说的方法理解。第二经的含义则是明白易懂的。
41. Pañcamassa paṭhame bhogānaṃ ādiyāti bhogānaṃ ādātabbakāraṇāni. Uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehīti uṭṭhānasaṅkhātena vīriyena adhigatehi. Bāhābalaparicitehīti bāhubalena sañcitehi. Sedāvakkhittehīti sedaṃ avakkhipetvā uppāditehi. Dhammikehīti dhammayuttehi. Dhammaladdhehīti dasakusalakammaṃ akopetvā laddhehi. Pīṇetīti pīṇitaṃ thūlaṃ karoti. Sesamettha catukkanipāte vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Dutiyaṃ uttānatthameva.
第三经《可爱经》的注释
3. Iṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā
43在第三经中,“能带来长寿的修行之道”指的是布施、持戒等福德之行。其余各处也是同样的理解方式。“以义现观”的意思是:通过通达义理、获得义理——这就是这里所要表达的意思。
43. Tatiye āyusaṃvattanikā paṭipadāti dānasīlādikā puññapaṭipadā. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Atthābhisamayāti atthassa abhisamāgamena, atthappaṭilābhenāti vuttaṃ hoti.
第四经《施可意经》的注释
4. Manāpadāyīsuttavaṇṇanā
44第四则注释中,“乌加”这个名字,是因为他的品德出众而得来的。“沙罗花状的嚼食”,是用四种甜味调和米粉做成、形状像沙罗花的嚼食。做法是:先做出明显的花梗、花瓣和花蕊,加入孜然等配料,在酥油里煎好,再把酥油滤掉,装进容器里,让它熏上香气,然后封好、盖上印记放起来。那位近事男想在世尊喝完粥坐着的时候,在正餐之间供养他,就这样说了。“世尊接受了”,这只是经文本身的叙述;实际上,那位近事男是把这些供养给了世尊和五百位比丘。猪肉等食物也是这样。其中,“具足枣果”是指上等的枣子。“猪肉”是指用甜枣加上孜然等配料调制、煮熟的存放了一年的猪肉。“滤出的油”是指分离出来的油。“那利耶萨迦”是把米粉一起捣碎,和配有孜然等的酥油一起煮,再用四种甜味调和,让它熏上香气后放起来的那利耶萨迦。至于“这对世尊不许可”这一句,意思是:因为掺杂了不如法之物,所以连如法之物也不许可。但长者把那些全都运来,堆成一堆,凡是不如法的,就送到市场去,只把如法的日常受用物品供养出来。那块旃檀木板并不太大,长两肘半,宽一肘半,但因为是最上等的心材,所以非常贵重。世尊接受了它,让人切成小块,分给比丘们用来研磨眼药。
44. Catutthe uggoti guṇehi uggatattā evaṃladdhanāmo. Sālapupphakaṃ khādanīyanti catumadhurayojitena sālipiṭṭhena kataṃ sālapupphasadisaṃ khādanīyaṃ. Tañhi paññāyamānavaṇṭapattakesaraṃ katvā jīrakādisambhārayutte sappimhi pacitvā sappiṃ vinivattetvā kolumbe pūretvā gandhavāsaṃ gāhāpetvā pidahitvā lañchetvā ṭhapitaṃ hoti. Taṃ so yāguṃ pivitvā nisinnassa bhagavato antarabhatte dātukāmo evamāha. Paṭiggahesi bhagavāti desanāmattametaṃ, upāsako pana taṃ bhagavato ca pañcannañca bhikkhusatānaṃ adāsi. Yathā ca taṃ, evaṃ sūkaramaṃsādīnipi. Tattha sampannakolakanti sampannabadaraṃ. Sūkaramaṃsanti madhurarasehi badarehi saddhiṃ jīrakādisambhārehi yojetvā pakkaṃ ekasaṃvaccharikasūkaramaṃsaṃ. Nibbattatelakanti vinivattitatelaṃ. Nāliyasākanti sālipiṭṭhena saddhiṃ madditvā jīrakādisaṃyutte sappimhi pacitvā catumadhurena yojetvā vāsaṃ gāhāpetvā ṭhapitaṃ nāliyasākaṃ. Netaṃ bhagavato kappatīti ettha akappiyaṃ upādāya kappiyampi na kappatīti vuttaṃ, seṭṭhi pana sabbampi taṃ āharāpetvā rāsiṃ katvā yaṃ yaṃ akappiyaṃ, taṃ taṃ antarāpaṇaṃ pahiṇitvā kappiyaṃ upabhogaparibhogabhaṇḍaṃ adāsi. Candanaphalakaṃ nātimahantaṃ dīghato aḍḍhateyyaratanaṃ, tiriyaṃ diyaḍḍharatanaṃ, sāravarabhaṇḍattā pana mahagghaṃ ahosi. Bhagavā taṃ paṭiggahetvā khaṇḍākhaṇḍikaṃ chedāpetvā bhikkhūnaṃ añjanapisanatthāya dāpesi.
“正直”是指身、语、意都正直。“以欲爱”是指以喜爱。“已舍”等词中,“已舍”是从完全舍离的意义上说的。“解脱”是因为释放、舍离。“不执取”是因为心无牵挂,所以心不执取。“田譬”是因为能生长的意义,所以比喻为田。
Ujjubhūtesūti kāyavācācittehi ujukesu. Chandasāti pemena. Cattantiādīsu pariccāgavasena cattaṃ. Muttacāgatāya muttaṃ. Anapekkhacittatāya cittena na uggahitanti anuggahītaṃ. Khettūpameti viruhanaṭṭhena khettasadise.
“某意所成”是指净居天中由禅那之意所生的一种天身。“随其所欲”就是随其内心的意乐。问这个是要问什么?据说这位天子在做人时,曾立下志求证得阿罗汉果,他说:“我想问的就是这个。”天子因为已经证得阿罗汉果,所以说道:“确实,世尊!我正如自己所愿。” “无论投生到哪里”:指在三善趣的家族中,或在六欲天中,不论投生到哪里,在那里都长寿、有威德。第五经应按照四集篇中所说的方式来理解。第六和第七经,其含义浅显易懂。
Aññataraṃ manomayanti suddhāvāsesu ekaṃ jhānamanena nibbattaṃ devakāyaṃ. Yathādhippāyoti yathājjhāsayo. Iminā kiṃ pucchati? Tassa kira manussakāle arahattatthāya ajjhāsayo ahosi, taṃ pucchāmīti pucchati. Devaputtopi arahattaṃ pattatāya taggha me bhagavā yathādhippāyoti āha. Yattha yatthūpapajjatīti tīsu vā kulasampattīsu chasu vā kāmasaggesu yattha yattha uppajjati, tattha tattha dīghāyu yasavā hotīti. Pañcamaṃ catukkanipāte vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Chaṭṭhasattamāni uttānatthāneva.
第八 不可得处经的注释
8. Alabbhanīyaṭhānasuttavaṇṇanā
48第八经中,“不可得”指得不到、无法获得。“处”指原因。“老坏之法,勿令老坏”意思是:凡我具有老坏性质的,愿它不要老坏。其余几句也按这个道理理解。“不喜欢”就是不悦。“拔除”就是拔出、取出。
48. Aṭṭhame alabbhanīyānīti aladdhabbāni, na sakkā labhituṃ. Ṭhānānīti kāraṇāni. Jarādhammaṃ mā jīrīti yaṃ mayhaṃ jarāsabhāvaṃ, taṃ mā jīratu. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Nacchādeyyāti na rucceyya. Abbuhīti nīhari.
“Yato”是指什么时候。“Āpadāsu”是指在灾祸、危难中。“Na vedhati”是指不颤抖、不慌乱、不忧愁。“Atthavinicchayaññū”是指善于抉择事理因由的善巧者。“Purāṇaṃ”是指因为没有改变,所以是古老原有的。“Jappena”是指用赞颂的话语。“Mantena”是指诵持有大威力的咒语。“Subhāsitena”是指用善巧的言说来讲说。“Anuppadānena”是指以百数或千数的布施。“Paveṇiyā vā”是指以家族传统,即‘这是我们家族传统中历来所行的,此是未曾行过的’,像这样依传统而说。“Yathā yathā yattha labhetha atthaṃ”是指在上述赞颂等事中,以某种某种方式、在某某处,获得对老法等的不可衰老性等义。“Tathā tathā tattha parakkameyyā”是指以那那方式、在那那处努力。“Kammaṃ daḷhaṃ”是指导向轮回的业由我坚固地作已、积集,我如今要怎么办呢?这样审察后,他应忍受。
Yatoti yasmiṃ kāle. Āpadāsūti upaddavesu. Na vedhatīti na kampati nānusocati. Atthavinicchayaññūti kāraṇatthavinicchaye kusalo. Purāṇanti nibbikāratāya porāṇakameva. Jappenāti vaṇṇabhaṇanena. Mantenāti mahānubhāvamantaparivattanena. Subhāsitenāti subhāsitakathanena. Anuppadānenāti satassa vā sahassassa vā dānena. Paveṇiyāvāti kulavaṃsena vā, ‘‘idaṃ amhākaṃ paveṇiyā āciṇṇaṃ, idaṃ anāciṇṇa’’nti evaṃ paveṇikathanenāti attho. Yathā yathā yattha labhetha atthanti etesu jappādīsu yena yena yattha yattha ṭhāne jarādhammādīnaṃ ajīraṇatādiatthaṃ labheyya. Tathā tathā tattha parakkameyyāti tena tena tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne parakkamaṃ kareyya. Kammaṃ daḷhanti vaṭṭagāmikammaṃ mayā thiraṃ katvā āyūhitaṃ, svāhaṃ idāni kinti karomīti evaṃ paccavekkhitvā adhivāseyyāti.
第九 憍萨罗经的注释
9. Kosalasuttavaṇṇanā
49第九经中,“upakaṇṇake”是指在耳朵旁边。“dummano”是指心里烦恼。“pattakkhandho”是指肩膀耷拉下来。“pajjhāyanto”是指正在思索。“appaṭibhāno”是指变得没有辩才。其余部分和上面所说的一样。
49. Navame upakaṇṇaketi kaṇṇamūle. Dummanoti duṭṭhumano. Pattakkhandhoti patitakkhandho. Pajjhāyantoti cintayanto. Appaṭibhānoti nippaṭibhāno hutvā. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva.
第十 那罗陀经的注释
10. Nāradasuttavaṇṇanā
5050. 在第十经中,“ajjhomucchito”的意思是极度沉迷:被吞没、被彻底裹住之后,以执取为本性、过度沉迷的渴爱所具足。“Mahaccā rājānubhāvenā”的意思是以大王的威势——被十八种军队围绕,凭着大王的王权前行。“Tagghā”是表示确定含义的不变词,意思是确实拔除了忧箭。这样,国王听了这番教诫后,安住其中,如法公正地治理国家,最终以生天为归宿。
50. Dasame ajjhomucchitoti adhiomucchito gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā gahaṇasabhāvāya atirekamucchāya taṇhāya samannāgato. Mahaccā rājānubhāvenāti mahatā rājānubhāvena, aṭṭhārasahi senīhi parivārito mahatiyā rājiddhiyā pāyāsīti attho. Tagghāti ekaṃsatthe nipāto , ekaṃseneva sokasallaharaṇoti attho. Iti rājā imaṃ ovādaṃ sutvā tasmiṃ ṭhito dhammena samena rajjaṃ kāretvā saggaparāyaṇo ahosi.
第二五十篇
2. Dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ