礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
《增支部》·《五集义注》·第一五十经
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · Aṅguttaranikāye · Pañcakanipāta-aṭṭhakathā · 1. Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ
1. 有学力品义注
22 段
《简略经》的注释
1. Saṃkhittasuttavaṇṇanā
1在《五集》的第一品里,七种有学圣者的力,就是有学力。在信力等这些力当中,面对无信而不动摇,就是信力;面对无惭而不动摇,就是惭力;面对无愧而不动摇,就是愧力;面对懈怠而不动摇,就是精进力;面对无明而不动摇,就是慧力。因此,意思是:因为这些是七种有学圣者的力,所以说因此。
1. Pañcakanipātassa paṭhame sattannaṃ sekhānaṃ balānīti sekhabalāni. Saddhābalādīsu assaddhiye na kampatīti saddhābalaṃ. Ahirike na kampatīti hirībalaṃ. Anottappe na kampatīti ottappabalaṃ. Kosajje na kampatīti vīriyabalaṃ. Avijjāya na kampatīti paññābalaṃ. Tasmāti yasmā imāni sattannaṃ sekhānaṃ balāni, tasmā.
《广说经》的注释
2. Vitthatasuttavaṇṇanā
2在第二经的注释中,说到“身恶行”等时,这里的工具格表示对象,意思是:对应当感到羞惭的身恶行等,感到羞惭、厌恶。在解释“愧”时,工具格表示原因,意思是:由于身恶行等是生起愧的因,所以感到畏惧、害怕。
2. Dutiye kāyaduccaritenātiādīsu upayogatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, hirīyitabbāni kāyaduccaritādīni hirīyati jigucchatīti attho. Ottappaniddese hetvatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, kāyaduccaritādīhi ottappassa hetubhūtehi ottappati bhāyatīti attho.
已发起精进,就是提起精进、内心不松懈。为了断除,就是为了断除的目的。为了获得,就是为了得到的目的。有力,就是具备精进的力量。坚固精勤,就是坚定的精勤。在善法上不卸下重担,就是在善法上不放下责任、精进不懈怠。
Āraddhavīriyoti paggahitavīriyo anosakkitamānaso. Pahānāyāti pahānatthāya. Upasampadāyāti paṭilābhatthāya. Thāmavāti vīriyathāmena samannāgato. Daḷhaparakkamoti thiraparakkamo. Anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesūti kusalesu dhammesu anoropitadhuro anosakkitavīriyo.
导向生灭的:指能够洞察五蕴的生起与坏灭。具足慧的:指同时具备观慧和道慧。圣的:指通过镇伏和断除两种方式而远离烦恼、清净的慧。能穿透的:因为它能洞穿,所以称为能穿透,意思是具备这种慧。其中,道慧以断除的方式,穿透、粉碎以前从未穿透、从未打破过的贪蕴、嗔蕴、痴蕴,所以叫能穿透;观慧以彼分断的方式叫能穿透;由于能导向获得道慧,那种观慧也可以称为能穿透。正确导向苦灭的:在这里,道慧以正确的原因和方式,在行进中灭尽轮回之苦和烦恼之苦,所以叫正确导向苦灭;观慧以彼分断的方式,在行进中灭尽轮回之苦和烦恼之苦,所以叫导向苦灭。或者,由于能导向获得导向苦灭的道慧,这种观慧也应理解为导向苦灭。如此,这部经中五种力是混合宣说的;第五经也是如此。
Udayatthagāminiyāti pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ udayavayagāminiyā udayañca vayañca paṭivijjhituṃ samatthāya. Paññāyasamannāgatoti vipassanāpaññāya ceva maggapaññāya ca samaṅgibhūto. Ariyāyāti vikkhambhanavasena ca samucchedavasena ca kilesehi ārakā ṭhitāya parisuddhāya. Nibbedhikāyāti sā ca abhinivijjhanato nibbedhikāti vuccati, tāya samannāgatoti attho. Tattha maggapaññā samucchedavasena anibbiddhapubbaṃ appadālitapubbaṃ lobhakkhandhaṃ dosakkhandhaṃ mohakkhandhaṃ nibbijjhati padāletīti nibbedhikā, vipassanāpaññā tadaṅgavasena nibbedhikā, maggapaññāya paṭilābhasaṃvattanato tabbipassanā nibbedhikāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyāti idhāpi maggapaññā sammā hetunā nayena vaṭṭadukkhañca kilesadukkhañca khepayamānā gacchatīti sammā dukkhakkhayagāminī nāma, vipassanāpaññā tadaṅgavasena vaṭṭadukkhañca kilesadukkhañca khepayamānā gacchatīti dukkhakkhayagāminī. Dukkhakkhayagāminiyā vā maggapaññāya paṭilābhāya saṃvattanatopesā dukkhakkhayagāminīti veditabbā. Iti imasmiṃ sutte pañca balāni missakāneva kathitāni, tathā pañcame.
第六部《等至经》的注释
6. Samāpattisuttavaṇṇanā
6第六经中说的“不善等至”,是指进入不善的状态,也就是与不善法同在的意思。“缠绕而住”,是指覆盖之后停在那里。
6. Chaṭṭhe akusalassa samāpattīti akusaladhammassa samāpajjanā, tena saddhiṃ samaṅgibhāvoti attho. Pariyuṭṭhāya tiṭṭhatīti pariyonandhitvā tiṭṭhati.
第7经 欲经的注释
7. Kāmasuttavaṇṇanā
7第七经中,“在诸欲中嬉戏”:是指在事物欲和烦恼欲中嬉戏、爱乐。“镰刀与扁担”:是指割草的镰刀和挑草的扁担。“善男子”:是指品行端正的良家子弟。“舍弃”:就是放下。“堪能言说”:是适合说的意思。“可得”:是很容易得到、能够获得。“卑下欲”:是五种低贱种姓的欲。“中等欲”:是中等众生的欲。“殊胜欲”:是国王和国王大臣的欲。“唯称为欲”:因为具有欲求的性质,也因为可以被欲求,所以只称为欲。“成为长老”:就是成为年长者。“有足够的慧”:是具备适当的智慧。“自护”:是自己守护自己、保护自己,或者有能力守护、保护自己。“不堪任放逸”:不适合放逸。“信所作非已作”:凭信心对善法应当做的事还没有完成。其余语句也是同样的道理。“诸比丘,我对那位比丘无所期望”:这样显示,当依信心等应当做的事完成之后,安住于入流果的这个人,我对他便无所期望。这部经说明了入流道。
7. Sattame kāmesu laḷitāti vatthukāmakilesakāmesu laḷitā abhiratā. Asitabyābhaṅginti tiṇalāyanaasitañceva tiṇavahanakājañca. Kulaputtoti ācārakulaputto. Ohāyāti pahāya. Alaṃvacanāyāti yuttaṃ vacanāya. Labbhāti sulabhā sakkā labhituṃ. Hīnā kāmāti pañcannaṃ nīcakulānaṃ kāmā. Majjhimā kāmāti majjhimasattānaṃ kāmā. Paṇītā kāmāti rājarājamahāmattānaṃ kāmā. Kāmātveva saṅkhaṃ gacchantīti kāmanavasena kāmetabbavasena ca kāmāicceva saṅkhaṃ gacchanti. Vuddho hotīti mahallako hoti. Alaṃpaññoti yuttapañño. Attaguttoti attanāva gutto rakkhito, attānaṃ vā gopetuṃ rakkhituṃ samattho. Nālaṃ pamādāyāti na yutto pamajjituṃ. Saddhāya akataṃ hotīti yaṃ saddhāya kusalesu dhammesu kātuṃ yuttaṃ, taṃ na kataṃ hoti. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Anapekkho dānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ bhikkhusmiṃ homīti evaṃ saddhādīhi kātabbaṃ katvāva sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhite tasmiṃ puggale anapekkho homīti dasseti. Imasmiṃ sutte sotāpattimaggo kathito.
第八经 死没经的注释
8. Cavanasuttavaṇṇanā
8第八经中,“于正法”是指教法中的正法。“无信”是指缺少净信和趣入信这两种信,远离了这两种信。“退转、不能安住”是指在这个教法里从功德上退失,没办法安住下来。这样一来,这部经就讲到了不能安住和能安住。
8. Aṭṭhame saddhammeti sāsanasaddhamme. Assaddhoti okappanasaddhāya ca pakkhandanasaddhāya cāti dvīhipi saddhāhi virahito. Cavati nappatiṭṭhātīti imasmiṃ sāsane guṇehi cavati, patiṭṭhātuṃ na sakkoti. Iti imasmiṃ sutte appatiṭṭhānañca patiṭṭhānañca kathitaṃ.
第九经的第一篇《不恭敬经》注释
9. Paṭhamaagāravasuttavaṇṇanā
9第九经中,不恭敬就是指没有恭敬。不顺从就是指不顺从、不尊长、不持谦下之行。这里其余的内容和前一篇相同。
9. Navame nāssa gāravoti agāravo. Nāssa patissoti appatisso, ajeṭṭhako anīcavutti. Sesamettha purimasadisameva.
第十经《第二不恭敬经》的注释
10. Dutiyaagāravasuttavaṇṇanā
10第十经中,“不能”是指没有能力。“增长”是指成长。“增广”是指因为根基稳固而达到不动摇的状态。“广大”是指宏大的状态。其余各处都很清楚明了。
10. Dasame abhabboti abhājanaṃ. Vuddhinti vaḍḍhiṃ. Virūḷhinti virūḷhamūlatāya niccalabhāvaṃ. Vepullanti mahantabhāvaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.