相应部六处品
Saḷāyatanavaggasaṃyuttapāḷi
内无常经、外经
Ajjhattāniccasutta, bāhirasutta
问:贤友,世尊……正自觉者,在《六处品相应》中,第一《内无常经》和第四《外无常经》,是在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena saḷāyatanavaggasaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ ajjhattāniccasuttañca catutthaṃ bāhirāniccasuttañca kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,世尊在舍卫城,针对众多比丘,以“诸比丘,眼是无常的。凡是无常的,就是苦;凡是苦的,就是无我;凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样观察:‘这不是我的,我不是这个,这不是我的自我。’”等语宣说;又以“诸比丘,色是无常的。凡是无常的,就是苦;凡是苦的,就是无我;凡是无我的,这不是我的,我不是这个,这不是我的自我”等语宣说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘cakkhuṃ bhikkhave aniccaṃ, yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā, yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabba’’nti evamādināca. ‘‘Rūpā bhikkhave aniccā. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā, yadanattā taṃ netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’’ti ca evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:朋友,在一切品中,第六《燃烧经》是世尊在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tatthāvuso sabbavagge chaṭṭhaṃ ādittasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,世尊在伽耶的伽耶山顶,为了先前那些结发外道出身的千位比丘,这样宣说:“比丘们,一切都在燃烧。比丘们,什么是一切都在燃烧?比丘们,眼在燃烧,色在燃烧,眼识在燃烧,眼触在燃烧;凡以眼触为缘而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦、还是不苦不乐,那也在燃烧。被什么燃烧?被贪火、嗔火、痴火燃烧,被生、老、死、忧、悲、苦、恼、绝望燃烧——我说,这就是在燃烧。”世尊就是以这样的方式宣说了这部经。
Vissajjanā – gayāyaṃ bhante gayāsīse purāṇajaṭilaṃ bhikkhusahassaṃ ārabbha ‘‘sabbaṃ bhikkhave ādittaṃ, kiñca bhikkhave sabbaṃ ādittaṃ. Cakkhu bhikkhave ādittaṃ, rūpā ādittā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, cakkhusamphasso āditto, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati, vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃvā, tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ. Rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一鹿网经
Paṭhama migajālasutta
问:贤友,在鹿网品中,第一《鹿网经》是世尊在哪里、针对谁、以什么为因由、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – migajālavagge āvuso paṭhamamigajālasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这部经是在舍卫城,针对具寿弥迦迦罗长老而说的。具寿弥迦迦罗长老对世尊这样说:“尊者,人们常说‘独住者、独住者’。尊者,怎样才算独住者?又怎样才算有伴而住者?”尊者,就在这件事上,世尊这样宣说:“弥迦迦罗,有眼所识的色,可爱、可喜、可意、悦意、伴随欲乐、令人染着。如果比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、坚持执取,那么对他这个欢喜、欢迎、坚持执取的人来说,就会生起喜悦;有喜悦就有贪染;有贪染就有结合。弥迦迦罗,被喜悦的结缚所束缚的比丘,就称为有伴而住者。”世尊就是以这样的方式宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ migajālattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante migajālatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ekavihārī ekavihārīti bhante vuccati, kittāvatānukho bhante ekavihārī hoti, kittāvatāca pana sadutiyavihārī hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘santi kho migajāla cakkhuviññeyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī, nandiyā sati sārāgo hoti, sārāge sati saṃyogo hoti, nandisaṃyojanasaṃyutto kho migajāla bhikkhu sadutiyavihārīti vuccatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一六触处经
Paṭhama chaphassāyatanasutta
问:就在那里诵出的第九经《第一六触处经》,是世尊在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamachaphassāyatanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在王舍城,世尊针对众多比丘这样开示:“诸比丘,如果有任何比丘对六触处的集起、灭尽、滋味、过患、出离不能如实了知,他就没有圆满修完梵行,他远离这个法与律。”世尊以这样的方式等作了开示。
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘yo hi koci vikkhave bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, avusitaṃ tena brahmacariyaṃ, ārakā so imasmā dhammavinayā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,我确实不能如实了知六触处的集起、灭去、滋味、过患和出离。
Ahaṃ hi bhante channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmi.
你是不是这样看:眼是我所有的,这就是我,这是我的自我?
Cakkhuṃ etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attāti samanupassasi.
不是这样的,尊者。
No hetaṃ bhante.
比丘,在这里,当你能以正慧如实、清楚地看见:眼不是我的,我不是眼,眼不是我的自我——这样,这就是苦的尽头。
Ettha ca te bhikkhu cakkhu netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attāti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ bhavissati, esevanto dukkhassa.
第一病经
Paṭhama gilānasutta
问:贤友,在《病品》中,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、因为什么事、又是怎样宣说第一《病经》的?
Pucchā – gilānavagge panāvuso paṭhamaṃ gilānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在舍卫城,针对一位生病、患病、痛苦、重病的新比丘而说的。尊者,有一位比丘生病、患病、痛苦、重病,他对世尊这样说:“尊者,我不明白世尊所说的法是为了戒清净。”尊者,就在这件事上,世尊反问那位比丘,对他的回答表示认可后,说道:“比丘,我所说的法确实是为了离贪。比丘,你怎么想?眼是常还是无常?”“是无常,尊者。”“那凡是无常的,是苦还是乐?”“是苦,尊者。”……世尊就是这样等开示的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ navaṃ bhikkhuṃ gilānaṃ ābādhitaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante bhikkhu gilāno ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘nakhvāhaṃ bhante sīlavisuddhatthaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ taṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭipucchitvā tassa ca vacanaṃ sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘rāgavirāgattho hi bhikkhu mayā dhammo desito, taṃ kiṃ maññasi bhikkhu, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti. Aniccaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti, dukkhaṃ bhante’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,我受不了了。
Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ.
比丘,你确实很好地理解了我为离贪而说的法。
Sādhu kho tvaṃ bhikkhu rāgavirāgatthaṃ mayā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi,
问:尊者,在阐那品里,第五次结集所诵的《富那经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事物为依据、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – channavagge panāvuso pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ puṇṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这部经是在舍卫城,因具寿富那长老而说的。尊者,具寿富那长老曾对世尊这样说:“尊者,太好了!请世尊为我简要地说法,让我听了世尊的法之后,能独自住在僻静处,不放逸,热诚,一心精进。”就在这件事上,世尊这样说:“富那,确实有眼所识知的色,那些色可爱、可喜、合意、悦意、与欲乐相关、令人贪染。如果比丘对这些欢喜、欢迎、一直执取,那么,当他欢喜、欢迎、一直执取时,喜就生起。富那,我说:喜集起就是苦集起。”尊者,世尊就是以这样等方式宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ puṇṇattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante puṇṇatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘santi kho puṇṇa cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī, nandī samudayo dukkhasamudayo puṇṇāti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:那么,贤友,世尊简要地给具寿富那长老作了教诫之后,又是怎样反问他的?他又是怎样向世尊禀告的?还有,那位具寿富那长老后来的归宿又是怎样的呢?
Pucchā – evañcāvuso bhagavā āyasmato puṇṇattherassa saṃkhittena ovādaṃ datvā kathañca naṃ paṭipucchi, kathañca so bhagavato ārocesi, kathañcassāyasmato puṇṇattherassa abhisamparāyo ahosi.
回答:尊者,世尊这样给了具寿富那长老简要的教诫之后,就反问那位具寿富那长老:“富那,你受了我的简要教诫,打算住在哪个地区?”那位具寿就禀告世尊说:“尊者,有个叫输那巴兰陀的地区,我要住在那里。”尊者,那位具寿后来就住在输那巴兰陀地区,就在那个雨安居期间证得了三明,也在那个雨安居期间般涅槃了。尊者,那位具寿的归宿就是这样。
Vissajjanā – evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā āyasmato puṇṇattherassa saṃkhittena ovādaṃ datvā ‘‘iminā tvaṃ puṇṇa mayā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito katamasmiṃ janapade viharissasī’’ti taṃ āyasmantaṃ puṇṇattheraṃ paṭipucchi. So ca bhante āyasmā ‘‘atthi bhante sunāparanto nāma janapado, tatthāhaṃ viharissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavato ārocesi. So hi bhante āyasmā sunāparante janapade vasitvā teneva antaravassena tisso vijjā sacchākāsi. Teneva antaravassena parinibbāyi. Evaṃ kho bhante tassa āyasmato abhisamparāyo ahosi.
世尊确实有些弟子,对身体和生命感到厌倦、羞愧、厌恶,于是去寻找卖刀的人(想结束自己的生命)。
Santi kho tassa bhagavato sāvakā kāyena ca jīvitena ca aṭṭīyamānā harāyamānā jigucchamānā satthahārakaṃ pariyesanti.
富那,你具备了这样的调伏与寂静,就能在输那巴兰陀地区住下来。
Sakkhissasi kho tvaṃ puṇṇa iminā damūpasamena samannāgato sunāparasantasmiṃ janapade vatthuṃ.
《摩罗迦子经》
Mālukyaputtasutta
问:尊者,那位世尊……等……正自觉者在六品中第二部《摩罗迦子经》,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为因缘、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena saḷavagge dutiyaṃ mālukyaputtasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:这部经是在舍卫城,因为具寿摩罗迦子长老而说的。具寿摩罗迦子长老这样对世尊说:“尊者,太好了!请世尊为我简要地说法,让我听了世尊的法之后,能独自住在僻静处,不放逸,热诚,一心精进。”就在这个因缘中,世尊先用“摩罗迦子,现在我还能对那些年轻比丘说什么呢”这样的话斥责了这位长老,又激励了他,然后说:“摩罗迦子,你怎么想?那些眼能识知的色,你过去没有见过、以前也从未见过,现在也看不见,而且你也不认为将来会看见——对它们,你还有欲或贪染吗?”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ mālukyaputtattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ettha dāni mālukyaputta kiṃ dahare bhikkhū vakkhāmāti’’ādinā theraṃ apasādetvā ceva ussādetvā ca ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi mālukyaputta, ye te cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā adiṭṭhā adiṭṭhapubbā, na ca passasi, na ca te hoti passeyyanti, atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:那么,朋友,世尊这样简要地说了这番教诫之后,那位具寿摩罗迦子长老对世尊说了什么?世尊又是怎么认可他的?这位具寿摩罗迦子长老的法现观又是怎样的呢?
Pucchā – imasmiṃ ca kho panāvuso bhagavatā ovāde saṃkhittena bhāsite so āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ kiṃ avoca kathañcassa bhagavā anuññāsi. Kīdiso cassāyasmato mālukyaputtattherassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
解答:尊者,世尊以简要方式宣说这段教诫之后,具寿摩罗迦子长老对世尊这样说:“尊者,对于世尊以简要方式宣说的这段内容,我能详细了知其义。”
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ kho bhante ovāde bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsite āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘imassa khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi.
看见色之后,失去正念的人,把心放在可爱的相上;
带着强烈贪染的心去感受,并且执取它、停住在上面。
他的种种受不断增长,这些受由色而生。
贪欲和烦扰,他的心被损害;
这样不断积攒,就会带来苦;涅槃则被称为遥远。
Rūpaṃ disvā muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati. Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavā; Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati; Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati;
他不贪染诸法,了知法后保持正念。
心已离染,他感受着,但对那感受不执取、不固守。
就像他了知法、也习近感受;
他这样具念而行,就在消耗而非积聚。
这样不断削减苦,就叫做接近涅槃。
Na so rajjati dhammesu, dhammaṃ ñatvā paṭissato; Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati. Yathāssa jānato dhammaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ; Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato; Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccatīti.
尊者,对于世尊简要所说的这个法义,我这样详细地理解它的含义。世尊赞叹说:“善哉,善哉,摩罗迦子!善哉,摩罗迦子,你对我简要所说的法义,能详细地理解它的含义。”
Imassa khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmīti. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘sādhu sādhu mālukyaputta, sādhu kho tvaṃ mālukyaputta mayā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāsī’’ti sādhukāraṃ datvā–
看见色之后,正念丢失了,他作意于可爱的相。
内心被贪染的人会去感受它,并且紧抓不放地停留在那里。
‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭho, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhatī’’ti–
世尊认可了长老的话。尊者,那位具寿摩罗迦子长老独处远离,不放逸,精勤,致力而住,不久,就以殊胜的智慧,在当下亲自证悟并成就了善男子们正确地从在家出家、过无家生活所追求的那个无上梵行的终极目标,并安住其中。他了知:生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。具寿摩罗迦子成了阿罗汉之一。尊者,这就是那位具寿的后世归宿。
Therassa vacanaṃ samanuññāsi. So ca bhante āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi, ‘‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataroca panāyasmā mālukyaputto arahataṃ ahosi. Evaṃ kho bhante tassa āyasmato abhisamparāyo ahosi.
看见色之后,正念忘失了,还去作意那个可爱的相。
带着贪染的心去感受,还紧紧抓住它不放。
Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
《放逸住经》
Pamādavihārīsutta
问:贤友,就在那里,第四《放逸住经》是世尊在哪里、针对谁而说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ pamādavihārīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在舍卫城,世尊针对众多比丘这样说:“比丘们,我要为你们讲说放逸而住的人和不放逸而住的人,你们听好。比丘们,怎样才是放逸而住的人呢?比丘们,当比丘不守护眼根而住时,他的心就会被眼所识知的色所染污。心被染污之后,就不会有喜悦;没有喜悦,就没有喜;没有喜,就没有轻安;没有轻安,就有苦;有苦的人,心就无法得定;心不得定时,诸法就不会显现;因为诸法不显现,就被称为放逸而住的人。”世尊就是以这样等等的说法来开示的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘pamādavihāriñca vo bhikkhave desessāmi appamādavihāriñca, taṃ suṇātha. Kathañca bhikkhave pamādavihārī hoti. Cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutassa bhikkhave viharato cittaṃ byāsiñcati cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu, tassa byāsittacittassa pāmojjaṃ na hoti, pāmojje asati pīti na hoti, pītiyā passaddhi na hoti, passaddhiyā asati dukkhaṃ hoti, dukkhino cittaṃ na samādhiyati, asamāhi te citte dhammā na pātubhavanti, dhammānaṃ apātubhāvā pamādavihārītveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,在《世间欲乐品》中,第八篇《教诫罗睺罗经》是世尊在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – lokakāmaguṇavagge āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ rāhulovādasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,就在舍卫城,针对尊者罗睺罗,世尊这样说道:“罗睺罗,你怎么看?眼是常的还是无常的?”“是无常的,尊者。”“那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐?”“是苦的,尊者。”“那么,凡是无常的、苦的、会变坏的东西,适合这样观察吗:‘这是我的,这就是我,这是我的自我’?”“不适合,尊者。”……
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi rāhula, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti. Aniccaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃvāti. Dukkhaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti. No hetaṃ bhante’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
我何不让罗睺罗更进一步,灭尽诸漏呢。
Yaṃnūnāhaṃ rāhulaṃ uttariṃ āsavānaṃ khaye vineyyaṃ.
罗睺罗,拿坐具来。
Gaṇhāhi rāhula nisīdanaṃ.
问:贤友,在《居士品》中,过去那些结集法的大长老们所结集的第四篇《婆罗堕阇经》,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为缘、由谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – gahapativagge āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi catutthaṃ saṃgītaṃ bhāradvājasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在憍赏弥,针对优填王,由尊者宾头卢长老宣说。尊者,优填王对尊者宾头卢这样说:“婆罗堕阇贤者,是什么因、什么缘,让这些年轻比丘——头发乌黑,正值青春年少,处在人生初期,还没在欲乐中玩过——却能一辈子修习圆满清净的梵行,并且长久坚持下去呢?”在这个事上,“所说的……”
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃ udenaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā piṇḍolabhāradvājattherena bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante udeno āyasmantaṃ piṇḍolabhāradvājaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bho bhāradvāja hetu ko paccayo, yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā bhadrena yobbanena samannāgatā paṭhamena vayasā anikīḷitāvino kāmesu yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caranti, addhānañca āpādentī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘vuttaṃ kho
大王,这是那位了知者、见证者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊所说的:“比丘们,来吧,你们对像母亲一样的人,要建立母心;对像姐妹一样的人,要建立姐妹心;对像女儿一样的人,要建立女儿心。”尊者,这是尊者宾头卢婆罗堕阇长老以这种方式对国王宣说的。
Etaṃ mahārāja tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena etha tumhe bhikkhave mātumattīsu mātucittaṃ upaṭṭhapetha. Bhaganimattīsu bhaginicittaṃ upaṭṭhapetha, dhītumattīsu dhītucittaṃ upaṭṭhapethā’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā piṇḍola bhāradvājattherena bhāsitaṃ.
问——贤友,就在那里,古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第十部《韦拉哈查尼经》,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么为事由、由谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ verahaccānisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,在迦曼达,针对韦拉哈查尼族婆罗门女,由具寿优陀夷长老宣说。尊者,韦拉哈查尼族婆罗门女对具寿优陀夷长老这样说:“尊者,当什么存在时,阿拉汉施设苦与乐?当什么不存在时,阿拉汉不施设苦与乐?”在那件事由中,具寿优陀夷长老以“姊妹,当眼存在时,阿拉汉施设苦与乐;当眼不存在时,阿拉汉不施设苦与乐”等这样的方式宣说。
Vissajjanā – kāmaṇḍāyaṃ bhante verahaccānigottaṃ brāhmaṇiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā udāyittherena bhāsitaṃ. Verahaccānīgottā bhante brāhmaṇī āyasmantaṃ udāyittheraṃ etadavoca ‘‘kismiṃ nu kho bhante sati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, kismiṃ asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapentī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhusmiṃ kho bhagini sati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, cakkhusmiṃ asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapentī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā udāyittherena bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,在《天臂品》里的《时机经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – devadahavagge āvuso khaṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:在释迦族的迭瓦达哈城里,世尊针对众多比丘这样说:“比丘们,你们有福了,你们善得利益,你们已得到了修梵行的时机。”
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante devadahe nāma sakyānaṃ nigame sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘lābhā vo bhikkhave, suladdhaṃ vo bhikkhave, khaṇo vo paṭiladdho brahmacariyavāsāyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,海品中的第三部《渔夫譬喻经》,世尊是在哪里、对谁宣说的?
Pucchā – samuddavagge panāvuso tatiyaṃ bāḷisikopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
宣告:尊者,世尊在王舍城耆婆庵罗林,针对众多比丘,以“比丘们,譬如渔夫把带着肉饵的鱼钩投入深水湖中”等话宣说了这部经。
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante jīvakambavane sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave bāḷisiko āmisagatabaḷisaṃ gambhīre udakarahade pakkhipeyyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
燃烧法门经
Ādittapariyāyasutta
问:贤友,在六处相应·海品中,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第八《燃烧法门经》,是世尊针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – saḷāyatanavaggasaṃyutte samuddavagge panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ ādittapariyāyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:世尊针对众多比丘说:“诸比丘,我要为你们讲说‘燃烧法门’这个法门,你们要听。诸比丘,什么是‘燃烧法门’这个法门?诸比丘,宁可让一根烧得通红、炽热、火焰腾起的铁棒碰触眼根,也绝不在眼所识知的色上执取随好、执取总相。”等等,这些是世尊所说的。
Vissajjanā – sambahule bhante bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘ādittapariyāyaṃ vo bhikkhave dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca bhikkhave ādittapariyāyo dhammapariyāyo. Varaṃ bhikkhave tattāya ayosalākāya ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya cakkhundriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, natveva cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho’’tiādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一木块譬喻经
Paṭhamadārukkhandhopamasutta
问:贤友,在《毒蛇品》中,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的《第一木块譬喻经》是第四经,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么方式宣说它的?
Pucchā – āsīvisavagge āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi catutthaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamadārukkhandhopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:在憍赏弥,世尊在恒河岸边,以众多比丘为对象,说了这样的话:“诸比丘,你们看见我们那根在恒河中漂流的大木块吗?”——就是以这类话所说的。
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘passatha no tumhe bhikkhave amhaṃ mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamāna’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitā.
问:贤友,在那里,世尊是怎样把“此岸”等近行用语的含义详细分别解说、开显出来的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā orimatīrādīnaṃ upacāravacanānaṃ attho vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsito.
回答:“此岸”,比丘,这是对六内处的称呼。“彼岸”,比丘,这是对六外处的称呼。“沉没在中间”,比丘,这是对喜贪的称呼。“搁浅在干地上”,比丘,这是对我慢的称呼。尊者,世尊就这样把“此岸”等比喻性说法的含义,在那里详细地分别开示出来。
Vissajjanā – orimaṃ tīranti kho bhikkhu channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pārimaṃ tīranti kho bhikkhu channetaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Majjhe saṃsīdoti kho bhikkhu nandirāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Thale ussādoti kho bhikkhu asmimānassetaṃ adhivacananti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha orimatīrādīnaṃ upacāravacanānaṃ attho vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsito.
问:贤友,在这部由世尊所说的经里,特别是对谁来说,得到了什么样的利益,又是怎么得到的呢?
Pucchā – imasmiṃ kho pana āvuso sutte bhagavatā bhāsite visesato kassa kīdiso attho kathañca paṭiladdho.
回答——尊者,在这部经里,世尊所讲的内容,特别是牧牛者难陀的出家、受具足戒,直到证得阿罗汉果,其特别的利益已达成。
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ bhante sutte bhagavatā bhāsite visesato nandassa gopālakassa pabbajjā ca upasampadā ca yāva arahattāca visesato attho adhigato.
尊者,希望我能在世尊面前出家,得到具足戒。
Labheyyāhaṃ bhante bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadaṃ.
那好吧,难陀,你把牛还给它们的主人。
Tena hi tvaṃ nanda sāmikānaṃ gāvo niyyātehi.
尊者,那些惦记着小牛的母牛会自己走回去的。
Gamissanti bhante gāvo vacchagiddhiniyo.
《钦苏咖树譬喻经》
Kiṃsukopamasutta
问:贤友,就在那里,古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第八部《吉树譬喻经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么为因由、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ kiṃsukopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这部经是世尊在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城榕树园,因为一位作务比丘而说的。尊者,有一位作务比丘,向四位漏尽比丘问了智见清净的问题,对他们的解答不满意,就去了世尊那里。到了之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,比丘的见要到什么程度才算非常清净呢?”就在这件事上,世尊以这样的方式宣说:“比丘,譬如一个人从来没见过吉树,他就走到某个见过吉树的人那里”等等。尊者,世尊就是这样宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme aññataraṃ kārakaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante kārako bhikkhu cattāro khāṇāsave bhikkhū ñāṇadassanavisuddhaṃ pucchitvā asantuṭṭho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pañhāveyyākaraṇena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho bhante bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhu purisassa kiṃsuko adiṭṭhapubbo assa, so yenaññataro puriso kiṃsukassa dassāvī tenupasaṅkameyyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
《六畜譬喻经》
Chappāṇakopamasutta
问:贤友,就在那里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第十部经——《六畜譬喻经》,是世尊在何处、以谁为对象、怎样宣说的呢?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ chappāṇakopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,就是针对释迦族中众多比丘,世尊说了“诸比丘,譬如一个身上长满疮、疮已成熟的人走进箭丛”等这样的话。
Vissajjanā – sakkesuyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhikkhave puriso arugatto pakkagatto saravanaṃ paviseyyā’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,世尊在那里是怎样详细分别宣说不律仪的?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā asaṃvaro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:比丘们,怎样算是不守护呢?在这里,一位比丘用眼睛看到色之后,对可爱的色起贪着,对不可爱的色起瞋恨,而且身念没有现前,心量狭小。他也不能如实了知心解脱和慧解脱,也就是那些已生起的恶不善法在那里彻底灭尽无余。尊者,世尊就是这样在那里详细分别宣说了不守护。
Vissajjanā – kathañca bhikkhave asaṃvaro hoti, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe adhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati parittacetaso. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhantīti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha asaṃvaro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
问:贤友,世尊在那里是怎样把律仪详细分别宣说的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā saṃvaro vibhajitvā vitthārena desito.
回答:比丘们,怎样才算守护呢?比丘们,在这里,比丘用眼睛看到色之后,对可爱的色不执著,对不可爱的色不瞋恨——尊者,世尊就是像这样,在那里把守护分别开来,详细地开示了。
Vissajjanā – kathañca bhikkhave saṃvaro hoti, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe na byāpajjatīti, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha saṃvaro vibhajitvā vitthārena desito.
问:贤友,那位世尊……正自觉者,在《受相应》里所说的第五《应见经》,是在哪里说的、是针对谁说的、又是怎么说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena vedanāsaṃyutte pañcamaṃ daṭṭhabbasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答——尊者,在释迦族人所在的迦毗罗卫城榕树园,世尊针对众多比丘而说:“比丘们,有三种受。哪三种?乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。比丘们,乐受应看作苦,苦受应看作箭,不苦不乐受应看作无常。”世尊以这样的话等来宣说。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘tisso imā bhikkhave vedanā. Katamā tisso, sukhā vedanā dukkhāvedanā adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Sukhā bhikkhave vedanā dukkhato daṭṭhabbā, dukkhā vedanā sallato daṭṭhabbā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā aniccato daṭṭhabbā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,应当把乐受看作苦。
Sukhā bhikkhave vedanā dukkhato daṭṭhabbā.
如果有人把乐看作苦,把苦看作箭,
他把不苦不乐的寂静看成无常。
那位真正以正见洞察的比丘,能彻底了知受。
他彻底了知了受之后,在现世中就成为无漏者;
身体崩解后,安住于法、通达究竟智的人,不再被计入任何数。
Yo sukhaṃ dukkhato addasa, dukkhamaddakkhi sallato; Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, addakkhinaṃ aniccato. Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, parijānāti vedanā; So vedanā pariññāya, diṭṭhe dhamme anāsavo; Kāyassa bhedā dhammaṭṭho, saṅkhyaṃ nopeti vedagū.
问:贤友,就在那里,世尊是在何处、关于谁、又是怎样宣说这第六《箭经》的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ sallasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城榕树园,世尊针对众多比丘这样说:“诸比丘,没有听闻佛法的凡夫,也会感受乐受,也会感受苦受,也会感受不苦不乐受。诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子,也会感受乐受,也会感受苦受,也会感受不苦不乐受。诸比丘,在这里,多闻的圣弟子和无闻凡夫之间,有什么差别,有什么特胜,有什么不同?”世尊就是以这样的方式宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘assutavā bhikkhave puthujjano sukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, dukkhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, adukkhamasukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati. Sutavā bhikkhave ariyasāvako sukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, dukkhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, adukkhamasukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati. Tatra bhikkhave ko viseso, ko adhippayāso, kiṃ nānākaraṇaṃ sutavato ariyabhāvakassa assutavatā puthujjanenā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
阎浮车相应
Jambukhādakasaṃyutta
《涅槃问经》
Nibbānapañhāsutta
问:在阎浮车相应中,贤友,第一《涅槃问经》是在哪里、针对谁、以什么为因由、由谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – jambukhādakasaṃyutte āvuso paṭhamaṃ nibbānapañhāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在摩揭陀国那罗迦村,因游方者阎浮车而说的,由法将舍利弗长老宣说。尊者,游方者阎浮车对舍利弗尊者这样说:“舍利弗贤友,人们说‘涅槃、涅槃’,贤友,到底什么是涅槃?”尊者,在这个事由中,法将舍利弗长老以“贤友,贪的灭尽、嗔的灭尽、痴的灭尽,这称为涅槃”等语宣说。
Vissajjanā – magadhesu bhante nālakagāmake jambukhādakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Jambukhādako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘nibbānaṃ nibbānanti āvuso sāriputta vuccati, katamaṃ nukho āvuso nibbāna’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yo kho āvuso rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo, idaṃ vuccati nibbāna’’nti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
《说法者问经》
Dhammavādīpañhāsutta
问:贤友,就在那里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们作为第三部结集的《说法者问经》,是在哪里、缘于谁、以什么为因由、由谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ dhammavādīpañhāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,就在摩揭陀国的那罗迦村,关于游方者阎浮车,由具寿法将舍利弗长老所说。尊者,游方者阎浮车这样问具寿舍利弗:“舍利弗贤友,世间谁是说法者?世间谁是善修行者?世间谁是善逝者?”尊者,在这个因缘中,具寿法将舍利弗长老以“贤友,那些为断贪而说法、为断嗔而说法、为断痴而说法的人,他们是世间的说法者”等语而宣说。
Vissajjanā – magadhesuyeva bhante nālakagāme jambukhādakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Jambukhādako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ke nu kho āvuso sāriputta loke dhammavādino, ke loke suppaṭipannā, ke loke sugatā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ye kho āvuso rāgappahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, dosappahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, mohappahānāya dhammaṃ desenti. Te loke dhammavādino’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
世间谁是修行端正的人?
Ke loke suppaṭipannā.
世间之中,谁是善逝?
Ke loke sugatā.
问:就在那里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们作为最后一部经结集的《难作问经》,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为因由、由谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi pariyosānasuttabhāvena saṃgītaṃ dukkarapañhāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:这部经是在摩揭陀国的那罗迦村里,因为游方者阎浮车而说的,说法的人是法将舍利弗尊者。阎浮车对舍利弗尊者这样说:“舍利弗贤友,在这法与律中,什么是难做的?”就在这件事上,法将舍利弗尊者用“贤友,在这法与律中,出家是难做的”等话来说。
Vissajjanā – magadhesuyeva nālakagāme jambukhādakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Jambukhādako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho āvuso sāriputta imasmiṃ dhammavinaye dukkara’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘pabbajjā kho āvuso imasmiṃ dhammavinaye dukkarā’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
目犍连相应
Moggallānasaṃyutta
问:贤友,在目犍连相应中,作为第十部结集的《帝释经》是在哪里、关于谁、由谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – moggallānasaṃyutte āvuso dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ sakkasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答——尊者,在三十三天诸天当中,关于诸天之主帝释,尊者大目犍连长老这样说过:“诸天之主啊,皈依佛确实很好;诸天之主啊,正是因为皈依佛这个因缘,有些众生在此世间身坏命终之后,投生到善趣、天界。”等等。
Vissajjanā – devesu bhante tāvatiṃsesu sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ ārabbha ‘‘sādhu kho devānaminda buddhasaraṇagamanaṃ hoti, buddhasaraṇagamanahetu kho devānaminda evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā mahāmoggallānattherena bhāsitaṃ.
尼干陀·若提子经
Nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtasutta
问:贤友,在《心相应》中,由古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第八部《尼干陀·若提子经》,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为因缘、由谁、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – cittasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答——尊者,是在马奇卡桑达,关于尼干陀·若提子,由居士质多所说的。尊者,尼干陀·若提子曾对居士质多这样说:“居士,你相信沙门乔达摩有无寻无伺的定、有寻与伺的灭尽吗?”尊者,就是在这个事情上,居士质多这样说道:“尊者,对此我并不是因为信仰世尊才接受,确实有无寻无伺的定,确实有寻与伺的灭尽。”就是以这种方式等由居士质多所说的。
Vissajjanā – macchikāsaṇḍe bhante nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ ārabbha cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ. Nigaṇṭho bhante nāṭaputto cittaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘saddahasi tvaṃ gahapati samaṇassa gotamassa atthi avitakko avicāro samādhi, atthi vitakkavicārānaṃ nirodho’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘na khvāhaṃ ettha bhante bhagavato saddhāya gacchāmi, atthi avitakko avicāro samādhi, atthi vitakkavicārānaṃ nirodho’’ti evamādinā cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ.
请诸位大德看这个。
Idaṃ bhavanto passantu.
这位质多居士是多么正直啊。
Yāva ujuko cāyaṃ citto gahapati.
尊者,我只要愿意,就能完全远离各种欲乐,远离各种不善法,进入并安住在有寻有伺、由远离而生起喜乐的初禅中。
‘‘Ahaṃ kho bhante yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi’’ –
请诸位大德看这个。
Idaṃ bhavanto passantu.
提问:贤友,就在那里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第九部经——《裸行迦叶经》,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为因由、由谁、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ acelakassapasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,就在那个摩奇迦山达,以裸行者迦叶为缘,由居士质多所说。尊者,裸行者迦叶对居士质多这样说:“居士,你在这三十年间,有没有证得任何过人法,也就是圣智见殊胜的安乐住?”尊者,在那个因缘中,居士质多这样说:“尊者,在家人也能证得。尊者,我只要愿意,就能远离诸欲、远离不善法,有寻有伺,离生喜乐,进入并安住于初禅。”
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante macchikāsaṇḍe acelaṃ kassapaṃ ārabbha cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ. Acelo bhante kassapo cittaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘imehi pana te gahapati tiṃsamattehi vassehi atthi koci uttarimanussadhammo alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘gihinopi siyā bhante ahañhi bhante yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmī’’ti evamādinā cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,在《村长相应》中,第一经《凶暴经》是由那位世尊……无师自悟的圆满正觉者在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为背景、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena gāmaṇisaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ caṇḍasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:这是在舍卫城,针对凶暴村长而说的。尊者,凶暴村长曾对世尊这样说:“尊者,是什么因、什么缘,让这里有些人被称为凶暴者?尊者,又是什么因、什么缘,让这里有些人被称为柔和者?”尊者,针对这件事,世尊这样说道:“村长,在这里,有些人的贪还没有断除;因为贪没有断除,别人一惹他,他就生气,被别人的触怒弄得发起火来,所以就被称为凶暴者。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante caṇḍaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Caṇḍo bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco caṇḍo caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Ko pana bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco sorato soratotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘idha gāmaṇi ekaccassa rāgo appahīno hoti, rāgassa appahīnattā pare kopenti, parehi kopiyamāno kopaṃ pātukaroti, so caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,就在那里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第七部经——田喻经,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为因缘、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ khettūpamasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在那烂陀的婆罗利迦芒果园里,因为阿西班达咖子村长而说的。尊者,阿西班达咖子村长对世尊这样说:“尊者,世尊不是安住于悲悯一切众生吗?”“是的,村长,如来安住于悲悯一切众生。”“那为什么,尊者,世尊对某些人认真地说法,对另一些人却不那样认真地说法呢?”尊者,在那件事上,世尊这样说:“那么,村长,我就在这里反问你,你如果能接受,就照那样回答。”
Vissajjanā – nāḷandāyaṃ bhante pāvārikambavane asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Asibandhakaputto bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘nanu bhante bhagavā sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatīti. Evaṃ gāmaṇi tathāgato sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatīti. Atha kiñcarahi bhante bhagavā ekaccānaṃ sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, ekaccānaṃ no tathā sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tena hi gāmaṇi taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya, tathā naṃ byākareyyāsī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,就在那里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第八部经——螺声经,是世尊在何处、缘于谁、以什么事为因缘、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ saṅkhadhamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这部经正是在那烂陀的婆罗利迦芒果园里,针对尼干陀的弟子、村长阿西班达咖子而说的。尊者,世尊对尼干陀的弟子、村长阿西班达咖子这样说:“村长,尼干陀·若提子是怎样为弟子们说法的?”尊者,尼干陀·若提子是这样为弟子们说法的:“无论谁杀生,他全都堕入恶趣、地狱。……他多作什么、多习惯于什么,就被那个所牵引。”尊者,世尊就这件事简要地说:“村长,如果‘他多作什么、多习惯于什么,就被那个所牵引’,这样一来,就没有任何人会堕入恶趣、地狱了,正如尼干陀·若提子所说的那样。”
Vissajjanā – nāḷandāyaṃyeva bhante pāvārikambavane asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ nigaṇṭhasāvakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavā bhante asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ nigaṇṭhasāvakaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho gāmaṇi nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ deseti ‘‘yo koci pāṇaṃ atipāteti, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko. (Peyyāla) yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulaṃ viharati, tena tena nīyatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulañca gāmaṇi viharati, tena tena nīyati, evaṃ sante na koci āpāyiko nerayiko bhavissati, yathā nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa vacana’’nti evaṃ kho bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitaṃ.
问:朋友,世尊在那里是怎么说明“多住之说”的过患的?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā yaṃbahulavāde doso pakāsito.
回答:村长,你怎么看?那个杀生的人,无论白天还是夜晚,一个时段接一个时段地算,他杀生的时间多,还是不杀生的时间多?尊者,世尊就是这样反复追问尼干陀·若提子的弟子、村长阿私班达迦,从而指出了多住者之说的过患。
Vissajjanā – taṃ kiṃ maññasi gāmaṇi, yo so puriso pāṇātipātī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya katamo bahutaro samayo yaṃ vāso pāṇamatipāteti. Yaṃ vā so pāṇaṃ nātipātetīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā asibandhakaṃ nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtassa sāvakaṃ gāmaṇiṃ pucchitvā pucchitvā yaṃbahulavāde doso pakāsito.
问:尊者,对于果报不止一种的业,却主张只有一种果报,世尊在那里是怎样揭示这种说法的过患的?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā anekaṃsa vipākakammassa ekaṃ savipākavāde doso pakāsito.
回答:在这里,村长,有些导师这样说、这样认为:“无论谁杀生,全都会堕入恶趣、地狱。”像这样等等。尊者,世尊在那里详细揭示并说明了这种对有多种果报的业却主张只有一种果报的过失。
Vissajjanā – idha gāmaṇi ekacco satthā evaṃvādī hoti evaṃdiṭṭhi yo koci pāṇamatipāteti, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayikoti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā anekaṃsa kammavipākassa ekaṃsavipākavāde doso vitthāretvā pakāsito.
问:尊者,在那里,世尊是怎样把如法教说中的功德分别开来加以阐明的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā yathādhammasāsane guṇovibhajitvā pakāsito.
回答:在这里,村长,如来出现于世间,他是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。他以种种方式呵斥、谴责杀生,还说:“你们应当远离杀生。”尊者,世尊就是这样,在那里把正法教说中的功德详细展开并揭示出来。
Vissajjanā – idha pana gāmaṇi tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaropurisa dammasārathi satthādevamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā, so anekapariyāyena pāṇātipātaṃ garahati vigarahati. ‘‘Pāṇātipātā viramathā’’ti cāhāti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha yathādhammasāsane guṇo vitthāretvā pakāsito.
问:贤友,就在那里,由过去结集法的诸位大长老所结集的第十一部经——跋德拉咖经,是世尊在何处、针对谁、以什么事为缘、怎样说出来的呢?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi ekādasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ bhadrakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在末罗人当中,一个叫优楼频螺劫波的末罗族城镇里,针对村长跋德拉咖而说的。尊者,村长跋德拉咖对世尊这样说:“善哉,尊者,愿世尊为我开示苦的集起与灭尽。”尊者,就是在这个事由下,世尊这样说:“村长,如果我为你追溯过去世来开示苦的集起与灭尽,说‘过去世曾是这样’,对此你可能会生疑、可能会困惑。”等等。
Vissajjanā – mallesu bhante uruvelakappenāma mallānaṃ nigame bhadrakaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhadrako bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desetū’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ahañce te gāmaṇi atītamaddhānaṃ ārabbha dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca deseyyaṃ ‘evaṃ ahosi atītamaddhāna’nti. Tatra te siyā kaṅkhā siyā vimatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,请世尊为我开示苦的……
请开示生起与灭尽。
Sādhu me bhante bhagavā dukkhassa Samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desetu–
村长,你觉得怎么样?优楼频螺劫波那里有人吗?
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi gāmaṇi, atthi uruvelakappe manussā’’ –
问:尊者,世尊、正自觉者在《聚落主相应》中结集的第十二经——《罗希耶经》,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为缘由、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena gāmaṇisaṃyutte dvādasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ rāsiyasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是针对末罗国一个叫优楼频螺劫波的市镇里的村长罗希耶而说的。尊者,村长罗希耶来到世尊面前,对世尊这样说:“尊者,我听说:‘沙门乔达摩呵责一切苦行,对一切苦行者和过粗劣生活的人一概非难、斥责。’尊者,那些说‘沙门乔达摩呵责一切苦行,对一切苦行者和过粗劣生活的人一概非难、斥责’的人,他们说的是否符合世尊所说?有没有用不实之词诽谤世尊?是不是在如法地解说、随顺法义?”尊者,就是在这个事情上,世尊说:“村长啊,那些说‘沙门乔达摩呵责一切苦行,对一切苦行者和过粗劣生活的人一概非难、斥责’的人,以这样的方式作了宣说。”
Vissajjanā – mallesu bhante uruvelakappenāma mallānaṃ nigame rāsiyaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rāsiyo bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadadoca ‘‘sutaṃ me bhante ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tamassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’’ti. Ye te bhante evamāhaṃsu ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’’ti. Kacci te bhante bhagavato vuttavādino, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākarontī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ye te gāmaṇi evamāhaṃsu ‘‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,世尊在那里是怎样把应受呵责和不应受呵责的欲乐受用者,详细分别开来、加以开示的?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā kāmabhogino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
回答:聚落主,世间确实存在三种享受欲乐的人。是哪三种呢?聚落主,在这里,有一种享受欲乐的人,用不正当的手段、用暴力去追求财物;用不正当的手段、用暴力追求到财物之后,既不让自己快乐,也不让自己满足,也不分享给别人,也不做福德。尊者,世尊就是像这样,把应当呵责和不应当呵责的享受欲乐的人,详细地分别开来、开示出来。
Vissajjanā – tayo kho me gāmaṇi kāmabhogino santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo. Idha gāmaṇi ekacco kāmabhogī adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena, adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena na attānaṃ sukheti na pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati na puññāni karotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā kāmabhogino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问:尊者,世尊在那里是怎样详细分析并说明哪些苦行者、过粗劣生活的人应当受呵责、哪些不应当受呵责的?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā tapassino lūkhajīvino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
回答:聚落主,世间存在三种苦行者,他们过着粗陋的生活。是哪三种呢?聚落主,在这里,某一位苦行者过着粗陋的生活,他出于信心,从在家出家,过无家生活,心想:“也许我能证得善法,也许我能证悟超越凡人的法、圣者的智见殊胜。”他折磨自己、让自己受煎熬,却既没有证得善法,也没有证悟超越凡人的法、圣者的智见殊胜。尊者,世尊在此以如此等等的方式,对那些应受呵责和不应受呵责的苦行者、过着粗陋生活的人,详细地分别开示。
Vissajjanā – tayo me gāmaṇi tapassino lūkhajīvino santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo. Idha gāmaṇī ekacco tapassī lūkhajīvī saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti ‘‘appeva nāma kusalaṃ dhammaṃ adhigaccheyyaṃ, appeva nāma uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikareyya’’nti, so attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalañca dhammaṃ nādhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ na sacchikarotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā tapassino lūkhajīvino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问:各位尊者,在《无记相应》中,古代结集法藏的大长老们最初结集的《差摩经》,是在哪里说的?为谁说的?以什么为因缘?由谁说?又是怎么说的?后来世尊又是怎么再次宣说的?
Pucchā – abyākatasaṃyutte panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ khemāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ. Kathañca taṃ bhagavatāpi puna bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,在舍卫城和沙计多之间的多拉那瓦土这个地方,针对憍萨罗王波斯匿,由差摩比丘尼所说。尊者,憍萨罗王波斯匿前往差摩比丘尼那里,到了之后,敬礼,坐在一边。坐在一边的憍萨罗王波斯匿对差摩比丘尼这样说:“尊者,如来死后存在吗?”尊者,关于这件事,差摩比丘尼是这样说的:“大王,世尊对‘如来死后存在’没有记说。”尊者,后来世尊被憍萨罗王波斯匿问到时,也同样再次作了宣说。
Vissajjanā – antarā ca bhante sāvatthiṃ antarā ca sāketaṃ toraṇavatthusmiṃ padese rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha khemāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo yena khemā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante rājā pasenadikosalo khemaṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nukho ayye hoti tathāgato paraṃmaraṇā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘abyākataṃ kho etaṃ mahārāja bhagavatā hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti evamādinā khemāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavatā ca bhante aparena samayena raññā pasenadikosalena puṭṭhena evameva puna bhāsitaṃ.
那么,大姊,如来死后就不存在了吗?
Kiṃ panayye nahoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā.
《好奇堂经》
Kutūhalasālāsutta
问:贤友,就在那里,过去结集法的大长老们把《好奇堂经》编为第九部,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、因为什么事、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ kutūhalasālāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在毗舍离,针对游方者婆蹉而说的。尊者,游方者婆蹉来到世尊面前,说了这样的话:“乔达摩贤者,前些日子,甚至更早,许多不同外道的沙门、婆罗门、游方者聚集在好奇堂里,大家坐在一起时,生起了这样一段中间的谈论……”尊者,关于这件事,世尊这样说道:“婆蹉,你大可疑惑,大可犹豫;而在让人疑惑的地方,你生起了犹豫。”
Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante vacchagottaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Vacchagotto bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘purimāni bho gotama divasāni purimatarāni sambahulānaṃ nānātitthiyānaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ kutūhalasālāyaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarakathā udapādī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘alañhi te vaccha kaṅkhituṃ, alaṃ vicikicchituṃ. Kaṅkhanīye ca pana te ṭhāne vicikicchā uppannā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.