第七章 迦湿弥罗与犍陀罗国教法传承的论述
7. Kasmiragandhāraraṭṭhasāsanavaṃsakathāmaggo
7现在,按照前面所说的论母顺序,已经到了讲述迦湿弥罗与犍陀罗国教法传承之道的时候,因此我将加以阐述。
7. Idāni yathāvuttamātikāvasena kasmīravandhāraraṭṭhasāsanavaṃsakathāmaggaṃ vattuṃ okāso anuppatto, tasmā taṃ vakkhāmi.
第三次结集结束时,大目犍连子帝须长老把末阐提长老派往迦湿弥罗和犍陀罗国,对他说:“你去那个国家,在那里把教法建立起来。”这里所说的迦湿弥罗和犍陀罗国,位于中国附近。正因如此,如今住在迦湿弥罗和犍陀罗国的人以及中国人,从名叫阿拉瓦拉的龙王出世的时候起,直到今天,都制作龙的形象来尊敬、供养、崇奉;甚至在衣料、器皿等东西上,他们也大多做成龙的形象。
Tatiyasaṅgītāvasāne hi mahāmoggaliputtatissatthero majjhanti kattheraṃ kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhaṃ pesesi,-tvaṃ etaṃ raṭṭhaṃ gantvā ettha sāsanaṃ pabhiṭṭhāpehīti. Ettha ca kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhaṃ nāma cīnaraṭṭhasamīpe tiṭṭhati. Teneva hi adhunā kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhavāsino cinaraṭṭhavāsinoca manussā aravāḷassa nāma nāgarājassa uppajjanakālato paṭṭhāya yāvajjatanā nāgarūpaṃ katvā mānenti pūjenti sakkaronti, vatthabhājanādīsupi nāgarūpameva te yebhuyyena karontīti.
末阐提长老和四位比丘一起,共五人,从华氏城腾空飞起,降落在雪山阿拉瓦拉湖的上方。那时候,迦湿弥罗和犍陀罗国正赶上庄稼成熟的时节,有一位名叫阿拉瓦拉的龙王坐在阿拉瓦拉湖里,降下冰雹雨,把庄稼毁掉,冲进了大海。长老降落在阿拉瓦拉湖上方后,就在阿拉瓦拉湖面上经行、站立、坐下,甚至躺下休息。龙族的小伙子们看见了他,就去禀报阿拉瓦拉龙王:“大王,有个穿着破烂袈裟、一身坏色衣的人,把我们的水弄脏了。”那时,长老只把自己的身体显现给龙众看。龙王立刻被怒火压倒,冲出来看见长老,受不了这种轻蔑,就在空中变出许多恐怖的东西。四面八方刮起狂风,树木被吹断,山峰崩塌,乌云轰鸣,闪电窜动,霹雳炸落,天空像裂开一样,雨水倾泻而下;模样可怕的龙子们纷纷聚集过来,龙王自己也冒烟喷火,放出兵器之雨,用“这个秃头、穿破烂袈裟的家伙是谁”之类粗恶的话恐吓长老,还对龙众下令:“来!抓住他!打他!把这个沙门赶走!”
Soca majjhantikattheropi catūhi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ attha pañcamo hutvā pāṭaliputtato vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā himavati aravāḷadahassa upari otari. Tena kho pana samayena kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhe sassapākasamaye aravāḷo nāma nāgarājā aravāḷadahe nisīditvā karakavassaṃ nāma vassāpetvā sassaṃ harāpetvā mahāsamuddaṃ pāpesi. Teroca aravāḷadahassa upari otaritvā aravāḷadahapiṭṭhikaṃ caṅkamatipi tiṭṭhatipi nisīdatipi seyyampi kappeti. Nāgamāṇavakā taṃ disvā aravāḷassa nāgarājassa ārocesuṃ, - mahārāja eko chinnabhinnapaṭadharo bhaṇḍukāsāvavasano amhākaṃ udakaṃ dūsetīti. Tadā pana thero attānaṃyeva nāgānaṃ dasseti. Nagarājā tāvadeva kodhābhibhūto nikkhamitvā theraṃ disvā makkhaṃ assahamāno antalikkhe anekāni bhiṃsanakāni nimmini. Tato tato bhusāvātā vāyanti, rukkhā chijjanti, pabbatakūṭā patanti meghāgajjanti, vijjuṃlatā niccharanti, asaniyo phalanti, bhinnaṃ viya gaganaṃ udakaṃ paggharati, bhayānakarūpā nāgakumārā sannipatanti, sayampi dhūmāyati pajjalati, paharaṇavuṭṭhiyo vissajjeti, ko ayaṃmuṇḍako chinnabhinnapaṭadharotiādīhi pharusavacanehi theraṃ santajjeti, etha gaṇhatha hanatha niddhamatha imaṃ samaṇanti nāgabalaṃ āṇāpesi.
长老用自己的神通力,把那些恐怖景象全都挡了回去,然后对龙王说:
Thero sabbaṃ taṃ bhiṃsanakaṃ attano iddhibalena paṭibāhitvā nāgarājānaṃ āha,–
就算包括天界在内的整个世界都来恐吓我,
他根本没有能力让我生起恐惧和怖畏。
就算你把整个大地连同海洋和山岳一起举起来,
举起之后,大龙啊,你或许会把我扔到上面。
我根本没办法让你心生恐惧和害怕。
恰恰相反,龙主啊,这只会给你带来毁灭。
Sadevakopi ce loko, āgantvā tāsayeyya maṃ; Na me paṭibalo assa, janetuṃ bhayabheravaṃ. Sacepi tvaṃ mahiṃ sabba, sasamuddaṃ sapabbataṃ; Ukkhipitvā mahānāga, khipeyyāsi mamūpari. Neva me sakkuṇeyyāsi, janetuṃ bhayabheravaṃ; Aññadatthu tavevassa, vighāto uragādhipāti.
听到这话后,龙王威风尽失,努力全都白费,痛苦又沮丧。
Evaṃ vutte nāgarājā vihatānubhāvo nipphalavāyāmo dukkhī dummano ahosi.
那位长老用适合当时情况的如法谈话,开示、劝导、激励、令他们欢喜之后,使他们和八万四千龙众一起安立于三皈依和五戒之中。其他许多住在雪山的夜叉、乾闼婆和鸠槃荼,听了长老的说法后,也安立于皈依和戒律之中。般遮迦夜叉也和妻子夜叉女以及五百个儿子一起,安立于初果。那时,摩阐提长老召集所有龙、夜叉和罗刹,这样说道:
Taṃ thero taṅkhaṇānurūpāya dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā tīsu saraṇesu pañcasuca sīlesu patiṭṭhāpesi saddhiṃ caturāsītiyā nāgasahassehi. Aññepi bahū himavantavāsino yakkhāca gandhabbāca kumbhaṇḍāca therassa dhammakathaṃ sutvā saraṇesuca sīlesuca patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Pañcakopi yakkho saddhiṃ bhariyāya yakkhiniyā pañcahica puttasatehi paṭhame phale patiṭṭhito. Athāyasmā majjhanti katthero sabbenāgayakkharakkhase āmantetvā evamāha,-
从今以后,你们不要再像以前那样生起愤怒了。
切勿破坏庄稼,因为众生确实渴望安乐。
你们要对众生修慈心,愿人们安乐而住。
Mādāni kodhaṃ janayittha, ito uddhaṃ yathā pure; Sassaghātañca mā kattha, sukhakāmā hi pāṇino; Karotha mettaṃ sattesu, vasantu manujā sukhanti.
他们全都回答“善哉,尊者”,接受了长老的话,然后按照他的指示去做。那一天正好是龙王供养的日子。于是龙王让人把自己的宝座搬来,为长老铺好。长老坐在宝座上。龙王也站在旁边为长老扇风。就在那时,迦湿弥罗和犍陀罗国的居民来了,看见长老后心想:“这位长老比我们的龙王神通还大”,于是只向长老礼敬,然后坐下。长老为他们讲了《蛇喻经》。经讲完时,八万众生获得了法眼,十万家族出了家。从那时起,迦湿弥罗和犍陀罗国至今袈裟光耀,就像仙人往来之风一样。
Te sabbepi sādhu bhanteti therassa vacanaṃ paṭissuṇitvā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjiṃsu. Taṃ divasameva nāgarājassa pūjāsamayo hoti. Atha nāgarājā attano ratanamayaṃ pallaṅkaṃ āharāpetvā therassa paññapesi. Nisīdi thero pallaṅke. Nāgarājāpi theraṃ bījayamāno samīpe aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhavāsino āgantvā theraṃ disvā amhākaṃ nāgarājatopi thero mahiddhikataroti therameva vanditvā nisinnā. Thero tesaṃ āsivisopamasuttaṃ kathesi. Suttapariyosāne asītiyāpāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Kulasatasahassañca pabbaji. Tato pabhuti ca kasmīragandhāro yāvajjetanā kāsāvapajjotā isivātapaṭivātāeva.
那时,仙人摩阐提科到了迦湿弥罗和犍陀罗。
让凶暴的龙心生欢喜,使众多众生从束缚中解脱出来。
Gantvā kasmīragandhāraṃ, isi majjhantiko tadā; Duṭṭhaṃ nāgaṃ pasādetvā, mocesi bandhanā bahūti.
可是现在,在迦湿弥罗和犍陀罗国,教法已经隐没,就像太阳的光芒不再显现一样,所以那里教法的建立情况不需要详细说明。
Adhunā pana kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhe sāsanassa atthaṅgatassaviya sūriyassa obhāso na paññāyati, tasmā tattha sāsanassa patiṭṭhāne vitthārena vattabbakiccaṃ natthīti.
如是:在教史传承中,迦湿弥罗与犍陀罗国教史传承章的叙述路径。
Iti sāsanavaṃse kasmīragandhāraraṭṭhasāsanavaṃsakathāmaggo