15. 食缘
8 段
食缘
15. Āhārapaccayo
食缘有两种:色食缘和非色食缘。
Duvidho āhārapaccayo rūpāhārapaccayo arūpāhāra paccayo.
在这里,色食缘指的是被称为段食的食素色。它又分为内食和外食两种。对于以段食为食的众生来说,一切四因所生的色法,都是这两种色食的缘生法。
Tattha rūpāhārapaccayo nāma kabaḷīkārāhārasaṅkhātaṃ oja rūpaṃ vuccati. So ca ajjhattāhāro bahiddhāhāroti duvidho. Kabaḷīkārāhārabhakkhānaṃ sattānaṃ sabbepi catusamuṭṭhānikarūpadhammā tassa duvidhassa rūpāhārassa paccayuppannā.
非色食则有三种:触食、意思食和识食。这三种法对俱生的名色法来说,是食缘;而俱生的名色法,则是它们的缘生法。
Arūpāhāro pana tividho phassāhāro manosañcetanā hāro viññāṇāhāro ca. Tayopete dhammā sahajātānaṃ nāmarūpadhammānaṃ āhārapaccayo honti. Sahajātā ca nāmarūpa dhammā tesaṃ paccayuppannā.
“食”是什么意思呢?以强力摄取为意思,所以叫食。这里说的“以强力摄取为意思”,就是指让它坚固地运转,支持它长时间安住、增长、壮大、广大的意思。食虽然也有产生的作用,但以支持的作用为主。
Kenaṭṭhena āhāroti. Bhusaṃ haraṇaṭṭhena āhāro. Bhusaṃ haraṇaṭṭhenātica daḷhaṃ pavattāpanaṭṭhena, cirakālaṃ ṭhitiyā vuḍḍhiyā viruḷhiyā vepullāya upatthambhanaṭṭhenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Jananakiccayuttopi āhāro upatthambhanakiccappadhāno hotīti.
在这里,两种色食滋养着内相续中由四种原因产生的色身,强力地维持它,使它坚固地运转,让它长久地延续下去,直到各自寿命的终点,因此称为食。
Tattha duvidho rūpāhāro ajjhattasantāne catusamuṭṭhānikaṃ rūpakāyaṃ upabrūhayanto bhusaṃ harati, daḷhaṃ pavatteti, ciraṃ addhānaṃ gameti, taṃ taṃ āyukappapariyosānaṃ pāpetīti āhāro.
触食从各种所缘里带出可意或不可意的味道,强烈地带动与它相应的诸法。意思食在身业、语业、意业中激发起努力,强烈地带动与它相应的诸法。识食以识知所缘的作用承担前导的功能,强烈地带动与它相应的诸法,使它们稳固地运转,并维持长久的时间,所以叫作食。当它强烈地带动相应诸法时,也同样强烈地带动与它同时生起的色法。
Phassāhāro ārammaṇesu iṭṭhāniṭṭharasaṃ nīharanto sampayuttadhamme bhusaṃ harati. Manosañcetanāhāro kāyavacī manokammesu ussāhaṃ janento sampayuttadhamme bhusaṃ harati. Viññāṇāhāro ārammaṇavijānanaṭṭhena pubbaṅgamakiccaṃ vahanto sampayuttadhamme bhusaṃ harati, daḷhaṃ pavatteti, ciraṃ addhānaṃ gametīti āhāro. Sampayuttadhamme bhusaṃ haranto sahajātarūpadhammepi bhusaṃ haratiyeva.
在这里,也应该讲一下经教的方式。就像飞禽用眼睛看清四面八方之后,用翅膀从一棵树飞到另一棵树,从一片林飞到另一片林,在空中翱翔,用嘴啄食各种果实,就这样维持自己的生命,活到寿命尽头。同样,这些众生用六识辨明所缘,用六意思食为了获得所缘和依处而勤奋努力,用六触食让所缘中的味道显现出来,从而感受乐和苦。或者,用诸识辨明所缘,从而成就名色的圆满;用诸触让所缘中的味道显现出来,完成对所缘之味的感受体验,从而使渴爱增长;用诸思造作出以渴爱为根源的种种业,从一生流转到另一生。应当这样了知诸食法的广大作用。食缘的说明到此结束。
Idha suttantanayopi vattabbo. Yathā sakuṇā nāma cakkhūhi disāvidisaṃ vibhāvetvā pattehi rukkhato rukkhaṃ vanato vanaṃ ākāsena pakkhanditvā tuṇḍakehi phalāphalāni tuditvā yāvajīvaṃ attānaṃ yāpenti. Tathā ime sattā chahi viññāṇehi ārammaṇāni vibhāvetvā chahi manosañcetanāhārehi ārammaṇavatthuppaṭilābhatthāya ussukkanaṃ katvā chahi phassāhārehi ārammaṇesu rasaṃ pātubhavantaṃ katvā sukhadukkhaṃ anubhavanti. Viññāṇehi vā ārammaṇāni vibhāvetvā nāmarūpa sampattiṃ sādhenti. Phassehi ārammaṇesu rasaṃ pātubhavantaṃ katvā ārammaṇarasānubhavanaṃ vedanaṃ sampādetvā taṇhāvepullaṃ āpajjanti. Cetanāhi taṇhāmūlakāni nānākammāni pasavetvā bhavato bhavaṃ saṃsaranti. Evaṃ āhāradhammānaṃ mahantaṃ āhārakiccaṃ veditabbanti. Āhārapaccayadīpanā niṭṭhitā.
