(1) 忿与恨
(1) Kodho ca upanāho ca
891(甲)于此,什么是忿?凡是忿、忿怒、忿怒性、嗔、嗔恨、嗔恨性、嗔恚、嗔恚行、嗔恚性、对抗、反对、凶暴、粗暴性、心的不满意——这称为“忿”。
(Ka) tattha katamo kodho? Yo kodho kujjhanā kujjhitattaṃ doso dussanā dussitattaṃ byāpatti byāpajjanā byāpajjitattaṃ virodho paṭivirodho caṇḍikkaṃ asuropo anattamanatā cittassa – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘kodho’’.
(乙)于此,什么是恨?前时是忿,后时是恨。凡如是的恨、怀恨、怀恨性、积蓄、保持、保存、连续、持续、忿的坚固——这称为“恨”。
(Kha) tattha katamo upanāho? Pubbakālaṃ kodho, aparakālaṃ upanāho. Yo evarūpo upanāho upanayhanā upanayhitattaṃ aṭṭhapanā ṭhapanā saṇṭhapanā anusaṃsandanā anuppabandhanā daḷhīkammaṃ kodhassa – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘upanāho’’.
(2) 覆与恼
(2) Makkho ca paḷāso ca
892(甲)于此,什么是覆?凡是覆、覆行、覆的状态、残酷、残酷的行为——这称为“覆”。
(Ka) tattha katamo makkho? Yo makkho makkhāyanā makkhāyitattaṃ niṭṭhuriyaṃ niṭṭhuriyakammaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘makkho’’.
(乙)于此,什么是恼害?凡是恼害、恼害行、恼害的摄取、诤论之处、轭的执取、不舍弃——这称为“恼害”。
(Kha) tattha katamo paḷāso? Yo paḷāso paḷāsāyanā paḷāsāhāro vivādaṭṭhānaṃ yugaggāho appaṭinissaggo – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘paḷāso’’.
(3) 嫉妒与悭吝
(3) Issā ca macchariyañca
893(甲)于此,什么是嫉?凡是对他人的利养、恭敬、尊重、礼敬、顶礼、供养的嫉、嫉行、嫉的状态、妒、妒行、妒的状态——这称为“嫉”。
(Ka) tattha katamā issā? Yā paralābhasakkāragarukāramānanavandanapūjanāsu issā issāyanā issāyitattaṃ usūyā usūyanā usūyitattaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘issā’’.
(乙)于此,什么是悭?有五种悭——住所悭、家族悭、利养悭、称赞悭、法悭。凡如此的悭、悭行、悭的状态、吝惜、吝啬、悭吝性、心的执取状态——这称为“悭”。
(Kha) tattha katamaṃ macchariyaṃ? Pañca macchariyāni – āvāsamacchariyaṃ, kulamacchariyaṃ, lābhamacchariyaṃ, vaṇṇamacchariyaṃ, dhammamacchariyaṃ. Yaṃ evarūpaṃ maccheraṃ maccharāyanā maccharāyitattaṃ vevicchaṃ kadariyaṃ kaṭukañcukatā aggahitattaṃ cittassa – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘macchariyaṃ’’.
(4) 诡诈与欺瞒
(4) Māyā ca sāṭheyyañca
894(甲)于此,什么是诈?于此,某人以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行,为了隐藏它而发起恶欲:“愿他人不知我”而欲求,“愿他人不知我”而思惟,“愿他人不知我”而说语,“愿他人不知我”而以身努力。凡是如此的诈、诈性、欺诳、诡诈、欺骗、散布、回避、隐藏、遮隐、覆盖、隐蔽、不显露行、不开显行、隐蔽、恶作——这称为“诈”。
(Ka) tattha katamā māyā? Idhekacco kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā, vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā, manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā tassa paṭicchādanahetuṃ pāpikaṃ icchaṃ paṇidahati. ‘‘Mā maṃ jaññā’’ti icchati. ‘‘Mā maṃ jaññā’’ti saṅkappeti. ‘‘Mā maṃ jaññā’’ti vācaṃ bhāsati. ‘‘Mā maṃ jaññā’’ti kāyena parakkamati. Yā evarūpā māyā māyāvitā accāsarā vañcanā nikati vikiraṇā pariharaṇā gūhanā parigūhanā chādanā paṭicchādanā anuttānīkammaṃ anāvikammaṃ vocchādanā pāpakiriyā – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘māyā’’.
(乙)于此,什么是欺瞒?于此,某人是欺瞒者、极欺瞒者。凡于此的欺瞒、欺瞒性、欺瞒、粗恶性、粗恶、狡曲性、狡曲——这称为“欺瞒”。
(Kha) tattha katamaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ? Idhekacco saṭho hoti parisaṭho. Yaṃ tattha saṭhaṃ saṭhatā sāṭheyyaṃ kakkaratā kakkariyaṃ parikkhattatā pārikkhattiyaṃ – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘sāṭheyyaṃ’’.
(5) 无明与有渴爱
(5) Avijjā ca bhavataṇhā ca
895(甲)于此,什么是无明?凡是无智、不见……(中略)……无明之锁、痴、不善根——这称为“无明”。
(Ka) tattha katamā avijjā? Yaṃ aññāṇaṃ adassanaṃ…pe… avijjālaṅgī moho akusalamūlaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘avijjā’’.
(乙)于此,什么是有渴爱?凡是对诸有的有欲、有贪、有喜、有渴爱、有爱著、有热恼、有迷恋、有耽著——这称为“有渴爱”。
(Kha) tattha katamā bhavataṇhā? Yo bhavesu bhavacchando bhavarāgo bhavanandī bhavataṇhā bhavasineho bhavapariḷāho bhavamucchā bhavajjhosānaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘bhavataṇhā’’.
(6) 有见与无有见
(6) Bhavadiṭṭhi ca vibhavadiṭṭhi ca
896(甲)于此,什么是有见?“我与世间将有”——凡如是之见、见处……(中略)……颠倒执取——这被称为“有见”。
(Ka) tattha katamā bhavadiṭṭhi? ‘‘Bhavissati attā ca loko cā’’ti – yā evarūpā diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ…pe… vipariyāsaggāho – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘bhavadiṭṭhi’’.
(乙)于此,什么是无有见?“我与世间将不有”——凡如是之见、见处……(中略)……颠倒执取——这被称为无有见。
(Kha) tattha katamā vibhavadiṭṭhi? ‘‘Na bhavissati attā ca loko cā’’ti – yā evarūpā diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ…pe… vipariyāsaggāho – ayaṃ vuccati vibhavadiṭṭhi.
(7) 常见与断见
(7) Sassatadiṭṭhi ca ucchedadiṭṭhi ca
897(甲)于此,什么是常见?“我与世间是常”——凡如是之见、见处……(中略)……颠倒执取——这被称为“常见”。
(Ka) tattha katamā sassatadiṭṭhi? ‘‘Sassato attā ca loko cā’’ti – yā evarūpā diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ…pe… vipariyāsaggāho – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘sassatadiṭṭhi’’.
(乙)于此,什么是断见?“我与世间将被断灭”——凡如是之见、见处……(中略)……颠倒执取——这被称为“断见”。
(Kha) tattha katamā ucchedadiṭṭhi? ‘‘Ucchijjissati attā ca loko cā’’ti – yā evarūpā diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ…pe… vipariyāsaggāho – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘ucchedadiṭṭhi’’.
(8) 有边见与无边见
(8) Antavādiṭṭhi ca anantavādiṭṭhi ca
898(甲)于此,什么是有边见?“我与世间是有边的”——凡如是之见、见处……(中略)……颠倒执取——这被称为“有边见”。
(Ka) tattha katamā antavādiṭṭhi? ‘‘Antavā attā ca loko cā’’ti – yā evarūpā diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ…pe… vipariyāsaggāho – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘antavādiṭṭhi’’.
(乙)于此,什么是无边见?“我与世间是无边的”——凡如是之见、见处……(中略)……颠倒执取——这被称为“无边见”。
(Kha) tattha katamā anantavādiṭṭhi? ‘‘Anantavā attā ca loko cā’’ti – yā evarūpā diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ…pe… vipariyāsaggāho – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘anantavādiṭṭhi’’.
(9) 前际随见与后际随见
(9) Pubbantānudiṭṭhi ca aparantānudiṭṭhi ca
899(甲)于此,什么是前际随见?缘于前际而生起之见、见处……(中略)……颠倒执取——这被称为“前际随见”。
(Ka) tattha katamā pubbantānudiṭṭhi? Pubbantaṃ ārabbha yā uppajjati diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ…pe… vipariyāsaggāho – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘pubbantānudiṭṭhi’’.
(乙)于此,什么是后际随见?缘于后际而生起之见、见处……(中略)……颠倒执取——这被称为“后际随见”。
(Kha) tattha katamā aparantānudiṭṭhi? Aparantaṃ ārabbha yā uppajjati diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ…pe… vipariyāsaggāho – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘aparantānudiṭṭhi’’.
(10) 无惭与无愧
(10) Ahirikañca anottappañca
900(甲)于此,什么是无惭?凡对于应惭愧之事而不惭愧,对诸恶不善法的获得而不惭愧——这称为“无惭”。
(Ka) tattha katamaṃ ahirikaṃ? Yaṃ na hirīyati hiriyitabbena, na hirīyati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘ahirikaṃ’’.
(乙)于此,什么是无愧?凡对应愧惧之事不愧惧,对诸恶不善法的获得不愧惧——这称为“无愧”。
(Kha) tattha katamaṃ anottappaṃ? Yaṃ na ottappati ottappitabbena na ottappati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘anottappaṃ’’.
(11) 难劝性与恶友性
(11) Dovacassatā ca pāpamittatā ca
901(甲)于此,什么是难劝性?当被如法者劝说时的难劝、难劝状态、难劝性、执取相反、乐于对抗、不敬、不敬性、不尊重、不顺从——这称为“难劝性”。
(Ka) tattha katamā dovacassatā? Sahadhammike vuccamāne dovacassāyaṃ dovacassiyaṃ dovacassatā vippaṭikulaggāhitā vipaccanīkasātatā anādariyaṃ anādaratā agāravatā appatissavatā – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘dovacassatā’’.
(乙)于此,什么是恶友性?凡那些无信、破戒、少闻、悭吝、劣慧的人,对他们的亲近、常亲近、遍亲近、交往、常交往、亲爱、常亲爱、倾向随顺——这称为“恶友性”。
(Kha) tattha katamā pāpamittatā? Ye te puggalā assaddhā dussīlā appassutā maccharino duppaññā, yā tesaṃ sevanā nisevanā saṃsevanā bhajanā sambhajanā bhatti sambhatti sampavaṅkatā – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘pāpamittatā’’.
(12) 不正直与不柔软
(12) Anajjavo ca amaddavo ca
902(甲)于此,什么是不正直?凡不正直、不正直性、歪斜、弯曲、邪曲——这称为“不正直”。
(Ka) tattha katamo anajjavo? Yo anajjavo anajjavatā jimhatā vaṅkatā kuṭilatā – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘anajjavo’’.
(乙)于此,什么是不柔软?凡不柔和、不柔软性、粗糙、粗暴、粗糙性、僵硬、心的刚直、不柔和——这称为“不柔软”。
(Kha) tattha katamo amaddavo ? Yā amudutā amaddavatā kakkhaḷiyaṃ phārusiyaṃ kakkhaḷatā kaṭhinatā ujucittatā amudutā – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘amaddavo’’.
(13) 不堪忍与不柔顺
(13) Akkhanti ca asoraccañca
903(甲)于此,什么是不忍?凡不忍、不堪忍、不容忍、暴躁、凶恶、心的不满意——这称为“不忍”。
(Ka) tattha katamā akkhanti? Yā akkhanti akkhamanatā anadhivāsanatā caṇḍikkaṃ asuropo anattamanatā cittassa – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘akkhanti’’.
(乙)于此,什么是不柔顺?身的违犯、语的违犯、身语的违犯——这称为“不柔顺”。一切恶戒行都是不柔顺。
(Kha) tattha katamaṃ asoraccaṃ? Kāyiko vītikkamo vācasiko vītikkamo kāyikavācasiko vītikkamo – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘asoraccaṃ’’. Sabbampi dussīlyaṃ asoraccaṃ.
(14) 粗暴与不亲切
(14) Asākhalyañca appaṭisanthāro ca
904(甲)于此,什么是粗暴?凡那样的语言是刺人的、粗糙的、对他人苦恼的、对他人恼害的、与嗔恨相应的、不导向定的,说了那样的语言。凡于此的不柔和语、不温和语、粗恶语——这被称为“粗暴”。
(Ka) tattha katamaṃ asākhalyaṃ? Yā sā vācā kaṇḍakā kakkasā parakaṭukā parābhisajjanī kodhasāmantā asamādhisaṃvattanikā tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Yā tattha asaṇhavācatā asakhilavācatā pharusavācatā – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘asākhalyaṃ’’.
(乙)于此,什么是不亲切?有两种亲切——物质的亲切与法的亲切。于此,某人以物质的亲切或以法的亲切而不亲切——这被称为“不亲切”。
(Kha) tattha katamo appaṭisanthāro ? Dve paṭisanthārā – āmisapaṭisanthāro ca dhammapaṭisanthāro ca. Idhekacco appaṭisanthārako hoti āmisapaṭisanthārena vā dhammapaṭisanthārena vā – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘appaṭisanthāro’’.
(15) 诸根门不守护与饮食不知量
(15) Indriyesu aguttadvāratā ca bhojane amattaññutā ca
905(甲)于此,什么是诸根门不守护?于此,某人以眼见色后,成为取相者、取随相者。由于他住于眼根不防护,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他不实行其防护,不守护眼根,不达到眼根的防护。以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后,成为取相者、取随相者。由于他住于意根不防护,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他不实行其防护,不守护意根,不达到意根的防护。凡这六根的不守护、不保护、不防护、不防护——这被称为“诸根门不守护”。
(Ka) tattha katamā indriyesu aguttadvāratā? Idhekacco cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya na paṭipajjati, na rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye na saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya na paṭipajjati, na rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye na saṃvaraṃ āpajjati . Yā imesaṃ channaṃ indriyānaṃ agutti agopanā anārakkho asaṃvaro – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘indriyesu aguttadvāratā’’.
(乙)于此,什么是食不知量?于此,某人不省察、不如理地食用食物,为了嬉戏、为了骄慢、为了装饰、为了庄严。凡于此在食物上的不知足、不知量、不省察——这被称为“食不知量”。
(Kha) tattha katamā bhojane amattaññutā? Idhekacco appaṭisaṅkhā ayoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti davāya madāya maṇḍanāya vibhūsanāya. Yā tattha asantuṭṭhitā amattaññutā appaṭisaṅkhā bhojane – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘bhojane amattaññutā.’’
(16) 失念与不正知
(16) Muṭṭhassaccañca asampajaññañca
906(甲)于此,什么是失念?凡不念、不随念、不忆念、不念、不忆起、不保持、忘失、遗忘——这被称为“失念”。
(Ka) tattha katamaṃ muṭṭhassaccaṃ? Yā assati ananussati appaṭissati assati assaraṇatā adhāraṇatā pilāpanatā sammusanatā – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘muṭṭhassaccaṃ’’.
(乙)于此,什么是不正知?凡无智、不见……无明之锁、痴、不善根——这被称为“不正知”。
(Kha) tattha katamaṃ asampajaññaṃ? Yaṃ aññāṇaṃ adassanaṃ…pe… avijjālaṅgī moho akusalamūlaṃ – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘asampajaññaṃ’’.
(17) 戒失坏与见失坏
(17) Sīlavipatti ca diṭṭhivipatti ca
907(甲)于此,什么是戒失坏?凡身的违犯、语的违犯、身语的违犯——这被称为“戒失坏”。一切恶戒都是戒失坏。
(Ka) tattha katamā sīlavipatti? Yo kāyiko vītikkamo vācasiko vītikkamo kāyikavācasiko vītikkamo – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘sīlavipatti’’. Sabbampi dussīlyaṃ sīlavipatti.
(乙)于此,什么是见失坏?“无布施,无供养……凡那些以自己的证智作证后宣说此世与他世者”——凡那样的见、见处……颠倒执取——这被称为“见失坏”。一切邪见都是见失坏。
(Kha) tattha katamā diṭṭhivipatti? ‘‘Natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ…pe… ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’’ti – yā evarūpā diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ…pe… vipariyāsaggāho – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘diṭṭhivipatti’’. Sabbāpi micchādiṭṭhi diṭṭhivipatti.
(18) 内结与外结
(18) Ajjhattasaṃyojanañca bahiddhāsaṃyojanañca
908(甲)于此,什么是内结?五下分结——是内结。(b)五上分结——是外结。
(Ka) tattha katamaṃ ajjhattasaṃyojanaṃ? Pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni – ajjhattasaṃyojanaṃ. (Kha) pañcuddhambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni – bahiddhāsaṃyojanaṃ.