315【五法·总标】“诸友,彼世尊——知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者——善说五法组。对此,你们皆应和合齐诵,以利乐人天,为人天带来利义、安乐与福祉。是哪五种呢?
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena pañca dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame pañca?
【五法·1】“五蕴——色蕴、受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴。
‘‘Pañcakkhandhā. Rūpakkhandho vedanākkhandho saññākkhandho saṅkhārakkhandho viññāṇakkhandho.
【五法·2】“五取蕴:色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。”
‘‘Pañcupādānakkhandhā. Rūpupādānakkhandho vedanupādānakkhandho saññupādānakkhandho saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho.
【五法·3】“五种欲乐所摄:眼所识知的色,可爱、可喜、可意、悦意,与欲相应,能引贪染;耳所识知的声;鼻所识知的香;舌所识知的味;身所识知的触,亦皆可爱、可喜、可意、悦意,与欲相应,能引贪染。
‘‘Pañca kāmaguṇā. Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasañhitā rajanīyā , sotaviññeyyā saddā… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasañhitā rajanīyā.
【五法·4】“五趣:地狱、畜生、饿鬼、人、天。
‘‘Pañca gatiyo – nirayo, tiracchānayoni, pettivisayo, manussā, devā.
【五法·5】“五种吝啬:住处吝啬、家族吝啬、利养吝啬、称赞吝啬、法吝啬。”
‘‘Pañca macchariyāni – āvāsamacchariyaṃ, kulamacchariyaṃ, lābhamacchariyaṃ, vaṇṇamacchariyaṃ, dhammamacchariyaṃ.
【五法·6】“五盖:贪欲盖、嗔恚盖、昏沉睡眠盖、掉举恶作盖、疑盖。”
‘‘Pañca nīvaraṇāni – kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ, byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ, thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ, uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇaṃ, vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ.
【五法·7】“五下分结:有身见、疑、戒禁取、欲贪、嗔恚。”
‘‘Pañca orambhāgiyāni saññojanāni – sakkāyadiṭṭhi, vicikicchā, sīlabbataparāmāso, kāmacchando, byāpādo.
【五法·8】“五上分结:色贪、无色贪、慢、掉举、无明。”
‘‘Pañca uddhambhāgiyāni saññojanāni – rūparāgo, arūparāgo, māno, uddhaccaṃ, avijjā.
【五法·9】“五学处:远离杀生,远离不与取,远离欲邪行,远离妄语,远离导致放逸的诸酒类。
‘‘Pañca sikkhāpadāni – pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī, musāvādā veramaṇī, surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī.
316【五法·10】“贤友们,漏尽比丘不可能做五件事:他绝不可能故意夺取有情生命;绝不可能以盗心取未给予之物;绝不可能行淫欲法;绝不可能故意妄语;绝不可能像从前在家时那样,以蓄藏的方式受用感官欲乐。”
‘‘Pañca abhabbaṭṭhānāni. Abhabbo, āvuso, khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropetuṃ. Abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyituṃ . Abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevituṃ. Abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sampajānamusā bhāsituṃ. Abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sannidhikārakaṃ kāme paribhuñjituṃ, seyyathāpi pubbe āgārikabhūto.
【五法·11】“诸位贤友,有五种衰败:亲族衰败、财富衰败、疾病衰败、戒行衰败、见地衰败。诸位贤友,有情并非因亲族衰败、财富衰败或疾病衰败,在身坏命终后,投生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。然而,诸位贤友,有情因戒行衰败或见地衰败,在身坏命终后,便会投生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。”
‘‘Pañca byasanāni – ñātibyasanaṃ, bhogabyasanaṃ, rogabyasanaṃ, sīlabyasanaṃ, diṭṭhibyasanaṃ. Nāvuso, sattā ñātibyasanahetu vā bhogabyasanahetu vā rogabyasanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Sīlabyasanahetu vā, āvuso, sattā diṭṭhibyasanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti.
【五法·12】“诸位贤友,有五种成就:亲族成就、财富成就、健康成就、戒德成就、正见成就。诸位贤友,有情并非因亲族成就、财富成就或健康成就,在身坏命终后,投生于善趣、天界。诸位贤友,有情因戒德成就或正见成就,在身坏命终后,便会投生于善趣、天界。
‘‘Pañca sampadā – ñātisampadā, bhogasampadā, ārogyasampadā, sīlasampadā, diṭṭhisampadā. Nāvuso, sattā ñātisampadāhetu vā bhogasampadāhetu vā ārogyasampadāhetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti. Sīlasampadāhetu vā, āvuso, sattā diṭṭhisampadāhetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti.
【五法·13】“诸贤友,破戒者因戒亏损,有五种过患。于此,诸贤友,一个戒行败劣、戒德有亏之人,由于放逸而招致巨大的财富损失,这是破戒、戒德缺失的第一种过患。再者,诸贤友,一个戒行败劣、戒德有亏之人,他的恶名声流布四方,这是破戒、戒德缺失的第二种过患。再者,诸贤友,一个戒行败劣、戒德有亏之人,无论往赴何等大众——无论是刹帝利众、婆罗门众、居士众还是沙门众,他总是心怀惭惶、不能坦然安住,这是破戒、戒德缺失的第三种过患。再者,诸贤友,一个戒行败劣、戒德有亏之人,于迷乱中死去,这是破戒、戒德缺失的第四种过患。再者,诸贤友,一个戒行败劣、戒德有亏之人,身坏命终之后,投生于恶趣、苦界、堕落处、地狱,这是破戒、戒德缺失的第五种过患。”
‘‘Pañca ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Idhāvuso , dussīlo sīlavipanno pamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahatiṃ bhogajāniṃ nigacchati, ayaṃ paṭhamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, dussīlassa sīlavipannassa pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, ayaṃ dutiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, dussīlo sīlavipanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ, avisārado upasaṅkamati maṅkubhūto, ayaṃ tatiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, dussīlo sīlavipanno sammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, ayaṃ catuttho ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, dussīlo sīlavipanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, ayaṃ pañcamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
【五法·14】“朋友们,持戒者因戒具足,有五种利益。于此,朋友们,一位戒行善好、戒德具足的人,由于不放逸而获得广大的财富蕴聚,这是持戒与戒德具足的第一种利益。再者,朋友们,戒行善好、戒德具足的人,能获得美好的声名,这是持戒与戒德具足的第二种利益。再者,朋友们,戒行善好、戒德具足的人,无论走近哪一类众会——不论是刹帝利众中、婆罗门众中、居士众中还是沙门众中,他都坦然无惧、从容自在地前往,这是持戒与戒德具足的第三种利益。再者,朋友们,戒行善好、戒德具足的人,不迷乱而命终,这是持戒与戒德具足的第四种利益。再者,朋友们,戒行善好、戒德具足的人,身坏命终之后,将投生于善趣、天界,这是持戒与戒德具足的第五种利益。
‘‘Pañca ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Idhāvuso, sīlavā sīlasampanno appamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigacchati, ayaṃ paṭhamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, sīlavato sīlasampannassa kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, ayaṃ dutiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, sīlavā sīlasampanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ, visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto, ayaṃ tatiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, sīlavā sīlasampanno asammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, ayaṃ catuttho ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, sīlavā sīlasampanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, ayaṃ pañcamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
【五法·15】“贤友们,一位想要举发他人的举罪比丘,应先于内心建立五事,然后再去举发他人。我当:适时而说,不于非时说;如实而说,不依虚妄说;以柔和语说,不以粗恶语说;说有益之言,不说不益之言;以慈心说,不以嗔心说。贤友们,一位想要举发他人的举罪比丘,应先于内心建立此五事,然后再去举发他人。
‘‘Codakena , āvuso, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā paro codetabbo. Kālena vakkhāmi no akālena, bhūtena vakkhāmi no abhūtena, saṇhena vakkhāmi no pharusena, atthasaṃhitena vakkhāmi no anatthasaṃhitena, mettacittena vakkhāmi no dosantarenāti. Codakena, āvuso, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā paro codetabbo.
317【五法·16】“诸友,有五勤支。于此,比丘有净信,坚信如来的觉悟:‘彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。’他少病少恼,拥有良好的消化能力,冷热适中,堪能精勤修行。他不狡诈、不虚伪,在导师与有智慧的梵行同修面前,如实展现自己。他发起精进,为断诸不善法、修诸善法,坚忍勇猛,不卸其责。他具足智慧,具备那能照见生灭、圣洁、透彻、导向灭尽诸苦的智慧。”
‘‘Pañca padhāniyaṅgāni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato, lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Appābādho hoti appātaṅko, samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Asaṭho hoti amāyāvī, yathābhūtaṃ attānaṃ āvikattā satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu. Āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammādukkhakkhayagāminiyā.
318【五法·17】“有五净居天:无烦天、无热天、善现天、善见(Sudassa)天、色究竟天。
‘‘Pañca suddhāvāsā – avihā, atappā, sudassā, sudassī, akaniṭṭhā.
【五法·18】“有五种不来者:中般涅槃者、生般涅槃者、无行般涅槃者、有行般涅槃者、上流至色究竟天者。
‘‘Pañca anāgāmino – antarāparinibbāyī, upahaccaparinibbāyī, asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī, sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī, uddhaṃsotoakaniṭṭhagāmī.
319【五法·19】“朋友们,有五种心荒芜。朋友们,在此,比丘对导师疑惑、犹豫,不确信、不净信。那位对导师疑惑、犹豫,不确信、不净信的比丘,其心不倾向于热忱、加行、恒常与精勤;因其心不倾向于热忱、加行、恒常与精勤,这便是第一种心荒芜。再者,朋友们,比丘对法疑惑、犹豫……对僧团疑惑、犹豫……对三学疑惑、犹豫……对同梵行者们生气、不满、心存芥蒂、产生隔阂。那位对同梵行者们生气、不满、心存芥蒂、产生隔阂的比丘,其心不倾向于热忱、加行、恒常与精勤;因其心不倾向于热忱、加行、恒常与精勤,这便是第五种心荒芜。”
‘‘Pañca cetokhilā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, ayaṃ paṭhamo cetokhilo. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati… sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati… sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, ayaṃ pañcamo cetokhilo.
320【五法·20】“贤友们,心有五种系缚。贤友们,于此,若有比丘于欲乐尚未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴求、未离热恼、未离渴爱,贤友们,彼比丘于欲乐尚未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴求、未离热恼、未离渴爱,其心便不趋向于热忱、修习、持续与精勤。其心既不趋向热忱、修习、持续与精勤,此即为第一种心的系缚。
再者,贤友们,若有比丘于身体尚未离贪……于色尚未离贪……
再者,贤友们,若有比丘恣意饱食,至腹满身重,而后安住于躺卧之乐、倚靠之乐、睡眠之乐……
再者,贤友们,若有比丘将梵行生活系念于投生某类天神,作如是念:‘凭此戒行、或凭此仪轨、或凭此苦行、或凭此梵行,我将成为一位天神或某种天神。’贤友们,彼比丘将梵行生活系念于投生某类天神,作如是念:‘凭此戒行、或凭此仪轨、或凭此苦行、或凭此梵行,我将成为一位天神或某种天神’,其心便不趋向于热忱、修习、持续与精勤。其心既不趋向热忱、修习、持续与精勤,此即为第五种心的系缚。”
‘‘Pañca cetasovinibandhā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāmesu avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu kāmesu avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ paṭhamo cetaso vinibandho. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu kāye avītarāgo hoti…pe… rūpe avītarāgo hoti…pe… puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati…pe… puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati – ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati – ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ pañcamo cetaso vinibandho.
【五法·21】“五根:眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根。”
‘‘Pañcindriyāni – cakkhundriyaṃ, sotindriyaṃ, ghānindriyaṃ, jivhindriyaṃ, kāyindriyaṃ.
【五法·22】“又有五种根:乐根、苦根、喜根、忧根、舍根。”
‘‘Aparānipi pañcindriyāni – sukhindriyaṃ, dukkhindriyaṃ, somanassindriyaṃ, domanassindriyaṃ, upekkhindriyaṃ.
【五法·23】“另有五根:信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。”
‘‘Aparānipi pañcindriyāni – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ.
321【五法·24】“学友们,有五种出离界:当一位比丘将心投向欲乐时,心不趣入、不澄净、不安住、不倾向于欲乐。然而,当他将心投向出离时,心便趣入、澄净、安住并倾向于出离。其心成为善逝、善修习、善出离、善解脱,不系着于欲乐。而那些缘于欲乐而生的漏、恼害和热恼,他由此解脱,不再感受此种觉受。这便称为从欲乐中出离。
‘‘Pañca nissaraṇiyādhātuyo. Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāme manasikaroto kāmesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Nekkhammaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto nekkhamme cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ kāmehi. Ye ca kāmapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā , mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
【五法·25】“复次,学友们,当一位比丘将心投向嗔恚时,心不趣入、不澄净、不安住、不倾向于嗔恚。然而,当他将心投向无嗔恚时,心便趣入、澄净、安住并倾向于无嗔恚。其心成为善逝、善修习、善出离、善解脱,不系着于嗔恚。而那些缘于嗔恚而生的漏、恼害和热恼,他由此解脱,不再感受此种觉受。这便称为从嗔恚中出离。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno byāpādaṃ manasikaroto byāpāde cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Abyāpādaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto abyāpāde cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ byāpādena. Ye ca byāpādapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ byāpādassa nissaraṇaṃ.
【五法·26】“再者,学友们,当一位比丘将注意力投向害意时,他的心不投入、不清净、不安住,也不倾向害意。然而,当他将注意力转向无害时,他的心便投入于无害,变得清净、安住并倾向。他的心因此善逝、善修、善出离、善解脱,从害意中脱离。而那些以害意为缘而生起的漏、恼害与灼热,他已从中解脱,不再感受那种感受。这就称为从害意中出离。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno vihesaṃ manasikaroto vihesāya cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Avihesaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto avihesāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ vihesāya. Ye ca vihesāpaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ vihesāya nissaraṇaṃ.
【五法·27】“再者,学友们,当比丘作意于色时,心于色不趣入、不清净、不安住、不倾向。然而,当他作意于无色时,心于无色趣入、清净、安住、倾向。其心即为善逝、善修、善出离、善解脱、远离于色。而凡以色为缘所生的诸漏、恼害与热恼,他从中解脱,不再领受那种感受。这就称为从色中出离。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno rūpe manasikaroto rūpesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Arūpaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto arūpe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ rūpehi. Ye ca rūpapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
【五法·28】“再者,学友们,当比丘作意于有身时,心于有身不趣入、不清净、不安住、不倾向。然而,当他作意于有身灭时,心于有身灭趣入、清净、安住、倾向。其心即为善逝、善修、善出离、善解脱、远离有身。而凡以有身为缘所生的诸漏、恼害与热恼,他从中解脱,不再领受那种感受。这就称为从有身中出离。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno sakkāyaṃ manasikaroto sakkāye cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Sakkāyanirodhaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto sakkāyanirodhe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ sakkāyena. Ye ca sakkāyapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ sakkāyassa nissaraṇaṃ.
322【五法·29】“贤友们,有五解脱处。于此,比丘的导师或某位受人敬重的同梵行者为他开示法义。贤友们,无论导师或同梵行者如何为他说法,他都能于彼法中体会义味与法味。体会义味与法味后,他便生起欢喜;由欢喜故,生起喜悦;心喜悦者,身得轻安;身轻安者,感受乐;感受乐者,心得定。这便是五种解脱处的第一处。
‘‘Pañca vimuttāyatanāni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī . Tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthapaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthapaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
【五法·30】“再者,贤友们,一位比丘既无导师说法,也无同梵行者说法,但他按照自己所听闻和领受的法义,详细地为他人宣说……或者详细地持诵……或者,在心中思索、审虑,以意观察……然而,他的某个定相却被善把握。好好地作意了它,好好地忆持了它,并以智慧透彻地通达了它。贤友们,当一位比丘在某一个定相上,善巧地把握了它,好好地作意、忆持,并以智慧透彻地通达了它时,他就会成为那个法在义理上的体证者,也成为那个法本身上的体证者。对于这位义理上的体证者和法本身上的体证者,喜悦便会产生;由喜悦,欢喜便产生;心意欢喜,身体便会轻安;身体轻安,便会感受到快乐;快乐的人,他的心便能入定。这是第五种解脱的因缘。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti…pe… api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti…pe… api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati…pe… api ca khvassa aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthapaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthapaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti , sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
【五法·31】“五解脱成熟想:无常想、于无常中苦想、于苦中无我想、断除想、离贪想。
‘‘Pañca vimuttiparipācanīyā saññā – aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā.
“贤友们,这五种法是那位知者、见者——阿拉汉、正自觉者、世尊所善巧开示的。对此,大家都应齐心合诵……这是为了人天的利益与安乐。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena pañca dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ .
323【六法·总标】“贤友们,另有六种法,是那位知者、见者——阿拉汉、正自觉者、世尊所善巧开示的。对此,大家都应齐心合诵……这是为了人天的利益与安乐。哪六种呢?
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cha dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame cha?
【六法·1】“六内处:眼处、耳处、鼻处、舌处、身处、意处。
‘‘Cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ.
【六法·2】“六外处:色处、声处、香处、味处、触处、法处。
‘‘Cha bāhirāni āyatanāni – rūpāyatanaṃ, saddāyatanaṃ, gandhāyatanaṃ, rasāyatanaṃ, phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ, dhammāyatanaṃ.
【六法·3】“六识身:眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识、意识。
‘‘Cha viññāṇakāyā – cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, sotaviññāṇaṃ, ghānaviññāṇaṃ, jivhāviññāṇaṃ, kāyaviññāṇaṃ, manoviññāṇaṃ.
【六法·4】“六触身:眼触、耳触、鼻触、舌触、身触、意触。
‘‘Cha phassakāyā – cakkhusamphasso, sotasamphasso, ghānasamphasso, jivhāsamphasso, kāyasamphasso, manosamphasso.
【六法·5】“六受身:眼触所生受、耳触所生受、鼻触所生受、舌触所生受、身触所生受、意触所生受。
‘‘Cha vedanākāyā – cakkhusamphassajā vedanā, sotasamphassajā vedanā, ghānasamphassajā vedanā, jivhāsamphassajā vedanā, kāyasamphassajā vedanā, manosamphassajā vedanā.
【六法·6】“六想身:色想、声想、香想、味想、触想、法想。
‘‘Cha saññākāyā – rūpasaññā, saddasaññā, gandhasaññā, rasasaññā, phoṭṭhabbasaññā, dhammasaññā.
【六法·7】“六思身:色思、声思、香思、味思、触思、法思。
‘‘Cha sañcetanākāyā – rūpasañcetanā, saddasañcetanā, gandhasañcetanā, rasasañcetanā, phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā, dhammasañcetanā.
【六法·8】“六渴爱身:色渴爱、声渴爱、香渴爱、味渴爱、触渴爱、法渴爱。
‘‘Cha taṇhākāyā – rūpataṇhā, saddataṇhā, gandhataṇhā, rasataṇhā, phoṭṭhabbataṇhā, dhammataṇhā.
324【六法·9】“学友们,有六不恭敬。在此,比丘对导师不恭敬、不顺从而住;对法不恭敬、不顺从而住;对僧团不恭敬、不顺从而住;对戒律不恭敬、不顺从而住;对不放逸不恭敬、不顺从而住;对亲切招待不恭敬、不顺从而住。
‘‘Cha agāravā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso; dhamme agāravo viharati appatisso; saṅghe agāravo viharati appatisso; sikkhāya agāravo viharati appatisso; appamāde agāravo viharati appatisso; paṭisanthāre agāravo viharati appatisso.
【六法·10】“学友们,有六恭敬。于此,比丘对导师怀有恭敬与顺从,对法怀有恭敬与顺从,对僧团怀有恭敬与顺从,对学处怀有恭敬与顺从,对不放逸怀有恭敬与顺从,对亲切接待怀有恭敬与顺从。
‘‘Cha gāravā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari sagāravo viharati sappatisso; dhamme sagāravo viharati sappatisso; saṅghe sagāravo viharati sappatisso; sikkhāya sagāravo viharati sappatisso; appamāde sagāravo viharati sappatisso; paṭisanthāre sagāravo viharati sappatisso.
【六法·11】“六喜近伺察:以眼见色后,他心念流连伺察于那能生起喜悦的色;以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触触后……以意识了知法后,他心念流连伺察于那能生起喜悦的法。
‘‘Cha somanassūpavicārā . Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṃ rūpaṃ upavicarati; sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā. Manasā dhammaṃ viññāya somanassaṭṭhāniyaṃ dhammaṃ upavicarati.
【六法·12】“六忧近伺察:以眼见色后,他心念流连伺察于那能生起忧的色……以意识了知法后,他心念流连伺察于那能生起忧的法。
‘‘Cha domanassūpavicārā. Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā domanassaṭṭhāniyaṃ rūpaṃ upavicarati…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya domanassaṭṭhāniyaṃ dhammaṃ upavicarati.
【六法·13】“六舍近伺察:以眼见色之后,他涉入能引生中舍的色;……以意识了知法之后,他涉入能引生中舍的法。
‘‘Cha upekkhūpavicārā. Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā upekkhāṭṭhāniyaṃ rūpaṃ upavicarati…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya upekkhāṭṭhāniyaṃ dhammaṃ upavicarati.
【六法·14】“六可忆念法:学友们,于此,比丘于同梵行者中,无论公开或私下,皆安住于慈爱的身业。此法亦是可忆念、可喜爱、可尊重,能带来摄受、无诤、和合、统一之法。
‘‘Cha sāraṇīyā dhammā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
【六法·15】“再者,学友们,比丘于同梵行者中,无论公开或私下,皆安住于慈爱的语业。此法亦是可忆念、可喜爱、可尊重,能带来摄受、无诤、和合、统一之法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
【六法·16】“再者,贤友,一位比丘对同梵行者,不论当面或私下,皆恒持慈心意业。此法亦是可忆念、可喜爱、可尊重,能摄受、无诤、和合、合一之法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
【六法·17】“再者,贤友,一位比丘对如法得来的物品,乃至钵中的些许食物,亦不独享,而与持戒的同梵行者共同受用。此法亦是可忆念、可喜爱、可尊重,能摄受、无诤、和合、合一之法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi, tathārūpehi lābhehi appaṭivibhattabhogī hoti sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi sādhāraṇabhogī. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
【六法·18】“再者,贤友,一位比丘于那完整无缺、无斑点、无杂色、自在、智者称叹、不执取、导向定的戒,与同梵行者无论公开或私下,皆安住于同等的戒行。此法亦是可忆念、可喜爱、可尊重,能摄受、无诤、和合、合一之法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
【六法·19】“再者,贤友们,有比丘于公开与私下,皆与同梵行者共住于同一见解——那圣洁、导向出离、能令实践者正确趣向苦尽的见解。此法可忆念、可爱、可敬,能带来摄受、无诤、和合与统一。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
325【六法·20】贤友们,有六诤论根。有此比丘,容易发怒且心怀怨恨。贤友们,那位既易怒又心怀怨恨的比丘,他对导师不存尊重与恭敬,对法不存尊重与恭敬,对僧团不存尊重与恭敬,于学处亦不能圆满行持。贤友们,那位对导师、对法、对僧团不存尊重与恭敬,于学处又不能圆满的比丘,他将于僧团中引发争论。此种争论对大众无益,对大众无乐,为诸天神与人带来损害、祸患与痛苦。贤友们,若你们于自身之内或之外,见到了如此争论之根,那么,贤友们,你们应当为断除那邪恶的争论之根而精勤。贤友们,若你们于自身之内或之外,未见如此争论之根,那么,贤友们,你们应当修持,令此邪恶的争论之根于未来不再生起。如是,此邪恶的争论之根即被断除;如是,此邪恶的争论之根于未来便不再生起。
Cha vivādamūlāni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kodhano hoti upanāhī. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu kodhano hoti upanāhī, so sattharipi agāravo viharati appatisso, dhammepi agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghepi agāravo viharati appatisso, sikkhāyapi na paripūrakārī hoti. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso, dhamme agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghe agāravo viharati appatisso, sikkhāya na paripūrakārī, so saṅghe vivādaṃ janeti. Yo hoti vivādo bahujanaahitāya bahujanaasukhāya anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evarūpaṃ ce tumhe, āvuso, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, āvuso, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānāya vāyameyyātha. Evarūpaṃ ce tumhe, āvuso, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā na samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, āvuso, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavāya paṭipajjeyyātha. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānaṃ hoti. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavo hoti.
【六法·21】“再者,贤友们,有比丘抹煞他人功德、好于争胜……有比丘嫉妒、吝啬……有比丘狡诈、谄媚……有比丘生起恶欲、持邪见……有比丘执著己见,固执强执,难以放下。贤友们,当一位比丘执著己见,固执强执,难以放下时,他便对导师不恭敬、不尊重,对法不恭敬、不尊重,对僧团不恭敬、不尊重,于学处亦不能圆满修习。贤友们,当一位比丘对导师不恭敬、不尊重,对法不恭敬、不尊重,对僧团不恭敬、不尊重,于学处不能圆满修习时,他便会在僧团中引发争论。而那种争论,为大众带来不利与不幸,为天与人带来损害、灾祸与痛苦。贤友们,如果你们在自己内在或外在见到这类争论的根源,那么,贤友们,你们应当为断除那邪恶的争论根源而精勤努力。贤友们,如果你们在自己内在或外在都没有见到这类争论的根源,那么,贤友们,你们便应当精勤修习,以便在未来不让那邪恶的争论根源有机会生起。如此,那邪恶的争论根源便得以断除。如此,那邪恶的争论根源在未来便无机会再生。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu makkhī hoti paḷāsī…pe… issukī hoti maccharī…pe… saṭho hoti māyāvī… pāpiccho hoti micchādiṭṭhī… sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī…pe… yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī, so sattharipi agāravo viharati appatisso, dhammepi agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghepi agāravo viharati appatisso, sikkhāyapi na paripūrakārī hoti. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso, dhamme agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghe agāravo viharati appatisso , sikkhāya na paripūrakārī, so saṅghe vivādaṃ janeti. Yo hoti vivādo bahujanaahitāya bahujanaasukhāya anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evarūpaṃ ce tumhe, āvuso, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, āvuso, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānāya vāyameyyātha. Evarūpaṃ ce tumhe, āvuso, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā na samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, āvuso, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavāya paṭipajjeyyātha. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānaṃ hoti. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavo hoti.
【六法·22】“六界:地界、水界、火界、风界、空界、识界。
‘‘Cha dhātuyo – pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu, ākāsadhātu, viññāṇadhātu.
326【六法·23】“贤友们,有六出离界。若有比丘这样说:‘我已修习慈心解脱,反复修习,以之为车乘,以之为立足处,令其稳固,反复练习,善加精勤。然而嗔恚仍盘踞我心,遍满于心。’对于这位比丘,应这样对他说:‘请勿如此说!尊者,请勿这样说,勿如此诽谤世尊。诽谤世尊实非善事,世尊从未这样说。贤友,这是不可能的,不合理的:当一个人修习了慈心解脱,反复修习,以之为车乘,以之为立足处,令其稳固,反复练习,善加精勤之后,嗔恚还能盘踞于心、遍满其心者,无有是处。贤友,慈心解脱正是嗔恚的出离之道。’”
‘‘Cha nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘mettā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, atha ca pana me byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’, tissa vacanīyo, ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ mettāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya. Atha ca panassa byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, byāpādassa, yadidaṃ mettā cetovimuttī’ti.
【六法·24】“贤友们,假如有位比丘这样说:‘我确实已修习悲心解脱,反复修习,将它作为车乘、作为立足处,稳固安立、反复串习、善加精勤。然而,伤害之心却依然盘踞在我心中,遍满我的心。’对于这位比丘,应这样对他说:‘请勿这样说!’应对他说:‘尊者,请勿这样说,不要如此诬蔑世尊。诬蔑世尊极不善,世尊绝不可能这样说。贤友,这是不可能的,不合道理:一个人修习了悲心解脱,反复修习,以它为车乘、以它为立足处,稳固安立、反复串习、善加精勤之后,伤害之心还能盘踞于心、遍满其心,此事绝无可能。贤友,悲心解脱正是从伤害之心中出离的方法。’”
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘karuṇā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti, so ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ karuṇāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya, atha ca panassa vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vihesāya, yadidaṃ karuṇā cetovimuttī’ti.
【六法·25】“贤友们,如果有比丘这样说:‘我修习了喜心解脱,反复修习,以它为车乘,以它为立足处,稳固它,反复练习,如实精勤。然而,不乐却盘踞在我心中,遍满我的心。’对这位比丘,应这样对他说:‘请勿作此言!’应对他说:‘尊者,切莫这样说,切勿诽谤世尊。诽谤世尊实为不善,世尊绝不曾如此说过。贤友,这既不可能,也无道理:修习了喜心解脱,反复修习,以它为车乘,以它为立足处,稳固它,反复练习,如实精勤之后,不乐竟还能盘踞于心、遍满其心,这是不存在的。贤友,喜心解脱,正是从不乐中出离之法。’”
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘muditā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me arati cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti, so ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ muditāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya, atha ca panassa arati cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, aratiyā, yadidaṃ muditā cetovimuttī’ti.
【六法·26】“贤友们,如果有比丘这样说:‘我修习了舍心解脱,反复修习,以它为车乘,以它为立足处,稳固它,反复练习,如实精勤。然而,贪欲却盘踞在我心中,遍满我的心。’对这位比丘,应这样对他说:‘请勿作此言!’应对他说:‘尊者,切莫这样说,切勿诽谤世尊。诽谤世尊实为不善,世尊绝不曾如此说过。贤友,这既不可能,也无道理:修习了舍心解脱,反复修习,以它为车乘,以它为立足处,稳固它,反复练习,如实精勤之后,贪欲竟还能盘踞于心、遍满其心,这是不存在的。贤友,舍心解脱,正是从贪欲中出离之法。’”
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘upekkhā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ upekkhāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya, atha ca panassa rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, rāgassa, yadidaṃ upekkhā cetovimuttī’ti.
【六法·27】“贤友们,如果有比丘这样说:‘我修习了无相心解脱,反复修习,以它为车乘,以它为立足处,稳固它,反复练习,如实精勤。然而,我的识仍然追随于相。’对这位比丘,应这样对他说:‘请勿作此言!’应对他说:‘尊者,切莫这样说,切勿诽谤世尊。诽谤世尊实为不善,世尊绝不曾如此说过。贤友,这既不可能,也无道理:修习了无相心解脱,反复修习,以它为车乘,以它为立足处,稳固它,反复练习,如实精勤之后,识竟还追随于相,这是不存在的。贤友,无相心解脱,正是出离一切相之法。’”
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘animittā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hotī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ animittāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya, atha ca panassa nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ bhavissati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, sabbanimittānaṃ, yadidaṃ animittā cetovimuttī’ti.
【六法·28】“贤友们,还有这样的情形:或有比丘会这样说——‘于我而言,“我是”之感已消失,我不再观见“我是此”这种见。然而,我的心仍被疑惑与犹豫之箭盘踞、占据。’他应当被这样告知:‘切莫如此说!’应当对他说:‘尊者,请勿这样说。不要诽谤世尊。诽谤世尊绝非善行,世尊绝不可能那样说。贤友,此事不可能,无有是处——当“我是”之感已消失,于“我是此”不复观见时,其心却仍被疑惑与犹豫之箭盘踞、占据,无有此种道理。贤友,彻底根除我慢,正是出离疑惑与犹豫之箭的超越之道。’”
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘asmīti kho me vigataṃ , ayamahamasmīti na samanupassāmi, atha ca pana me vicikicchākathaṅkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ asmīti vigate ayamahamasmīti asamanupassato, atha ca panassa vicikicchākathaṅkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vicikicchākathaṅkathāsallassa, yadidaṃ asmimānasamugghāto’ti.
327【六法·29】“有六种无上:无上的见、无上的闻、无上的得、无上的学、无上的侍奉、无上的随念。
‘‘Cha anuttariyāni – dassanānuttariyaṃ, savanānuttariyaṃ, lābhānuttariyaṃ, sikkhānuttariyaṃ, pāricariyānuttariyaṃ, anussatānuttariyaṃ.
【六法·30】“有六种随念:佛随念、法随念、僧随念、戒随念、舍随念、天随念。
‘‘Cha anussatiṭṭhānāni – buddhānussati, dhammānussati, saṅghānussati, sīlānussati, cāgānussati, devatānussati.
328【六法·31】“贤友们,有六恒住。于此,有比丘眼见色后,不喜不忧,安住于舍,具念正知;耳闻声后……(中略)……意知法后,不喜不忧,安住于舍,具念正知。
‘‘Cha satatavihārā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno.
329【六法·32】“贤友们,有六生类。于此:有人出身黑类,生起黑法;有人出身黑类,生起白法;有人出身黑类,生起非黑非白的涅槃;有人出身白类,生起白法;有人出身白类,生起黑法;有人出身白类,生起非黑非白的涅槃。
‘‘Chaḷābhijātiyo. Idhāvuso, ekacco kaṇhābhijātiko samāno kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco kaṇhābhijātiko samāno sukkaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco kaṇhābhijātiko samāno akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ nibbānaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco sukkābhijātiko samāno sukkaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco sukkābhijātiko samāno kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco sukkābhijātiko samāno akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ nibbānaṃ abhijāyati.
【六法·33】“六抉择分想:于无常作无常想,于苦作苦想,无我想,舍离想,离欲想,灭想。
‘‘Cha nibbedhabhāgiyā saññā – aniccasaññā anicce, dukkhasaññā dukkhe, anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā.
“贤友们,这六种法,正是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者的世尊所善说的。对此,所有人都应共同诵持……为诸天神与人带来利益、福利与安乐。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cha dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
330【七法·总标】“贤友们,彼世尊——知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者——还善说了七种法。对此,所有人都应共同诵持……为诸天神与人带来利益、福利与安乐。哪七种呢?
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena satta dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame satta?
【七法·1】“七种财富:信财、戒财、惭财、愧财、闻财、舍财、慧财。
‘‘Satta ariyadhanāni – saddhādhanaṃ, sīladhanaṃ, hiridhanaṃ, ottappadhanaṃ, sutadhanaṃ, cāgadhanaṃ, paññādhanaṃ.
【七法·2】“七觉支——念觉支、择法觉支、精进觉支、喜觉支、轻安觉支、定觉支、舍觉支。
‘‘Satta bojjhaṅgā – satisambojjhaṅgo, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo , vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pītisambojjhaṅgo, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, samādhisambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo.
【七法·3】“七定资具:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念。
‘‘Satta samādhiparikkhārā – sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati.
【七法·4】“贤友们,有七非正法:比丘无信、无惭、无愧、寡闻、懈怠、失念、智慧薄弱。
‘‘Satta asaddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti.
【七法·5】“贤友们,有七正法:比丘有信、有惭、有愧、多闻、精勤、正念现前、具足智慧。
‘‘Satta saddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, hirimā hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hoti.
【七法·6】“贤友们,有七善士法:比丘是知法者、知义者、知己者、知量者、知时者、知众者、知人者。
‘‘Satta sappurisadhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu dhammaññū ca hoti atthaññū ca attaññū ca mattaññū ca kālaññū ca parisaññū ca puggalaññū ca.
331【七法·7】“贤友们,有七无十事:比丘于受持学处有深切意欲,且于未来对受持学处的好乐终不消失;于审察法有深切意欲,且于未来对审察法的好乐终不消失;于调伏欲望有深切意欲,且于未来对调伏欲望的好乐终不消失;于独处禅修有深切意欲,且于未来对独处禅修的好乐终不消失;于精进努力有深切意欲,且于未来对精进努力的好乐终不消失;于念与正知有深切意欲,且于未来对念与正知的好乐终不消失;于以智慧彻见真理有深切意欲,且于未来对以智慧彻见真理的好乐终不消失。
‘‘Satta niddasavatthūni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sikkhāsamādāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca sikkhāsamādāne avigatapemo. Dhammanisantiyā tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca dhammanisantiyā avigatapemo. Icchāvinaye tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca icchāvinaye avigatapemo. Paṭisallāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca paṭisallāne avigatapemo. Vīriyārambhe tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca vīriyārambhe avigatapemo. Satinepakke tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca satinepakke avigatapemo . Diṭṭhipaṭivedhe tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca diṭṭhipaṭivedhe avigatapemo.
【七法·8】“七想:无常想、无我想、不净想、过患想、断想、离欲想、灭尽想。
‘‘Satta saññā – aniccasaññā, anattasaññā, asubhasaññā, ādīnavasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā.
【七法·9】“七力:信力、精进力、惭力、愧力、念力、定力、慧力。
‘‘Satta balāni – saddhābalaṃ, vīriyabalaṃ, hiribalaṃ, ottappabalaṃ, satibalaṃ, samādhibalaṃ, paññābalaṃ.
332【七法·10】“贤友们,有七识住。有一类有情,身异、想异,如人类、某些天人以及某些恶道众生。这是第一识住。
‘‘Satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo. Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
【七法·11】“贤友们,有一类有情,身异而想一,如由初禅化生梵众天的天人。这是第二识住。
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
【七法·12】“贤友们,有一类有情,身一而想异,如光音天的天人。这是第三识住。
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
【七法·13】“朋友们,有众生身同一种、想同一种,譬如遍净天的天神。这是第四识住。
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
【七法·14】“朋友们,有众生完全超越一切色想,灭尽有对想,不作意种种差别想,了知“虚空无边”而成就空无边处。这是第五识住。”
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ pañcamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
【七法·15】“朋友们,有众生完全超越空无边处,了知“识无边”而成就识无边处。这是第六识住。
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭhī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
【七法·16】“朋友们,有些众生完全超越了识无边处,作意‘一切皆无’,投生于无所有处。这是第七种识住。”
‘‘Santāvuso , sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
【七法·17】“有七种应受供养的人:俱解脱者、慧解脱者、身证者、见至者、信解脱者、法随行者、信随行者。
‘‘Satta puggalā dakkhiṇeyyā – ubhatobhāgavimutto , paññāvimutto, kāyasakkhi, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto, dhammānusārī, saddhānusārī.
【七法·18】“有七种随眠:欲贪随眠、瞋恚随眠、邪见随眠、疑随眠、慢随眠、有贪随眠、无明随眠。
‘‘Satta anusayā – kāmarāgānusayo, paṭighānusayo, diṭṭhānusayo, vicikicchānusayo, mānānusayo, bhavarāgānusayo, avijjānusayo.
【七法·19】“有七种结缚:贪染结缚、瞋恚结缚、邪见结缚、疑结缚、慢结缚、有贪结缚、无明结缚。
‘‘Satta saññojanāni – anunayasaññojanaṃ , paṭighasaññojanaṃ, diṭṭhisaññojanaṃ, vicikicchāsaññojanaṃ, mānasaññojanaṃ, bhavarāgasaññojanaṃ, avijjāsaññojanaṃ.
【七法·20】“为息止、平息不断生起的诤事,有七种灭诤法:当施以现前毗尼,当施以忆念毗尼,当施以不痴毗尼,应依他所承认的来处置,应行多数决,应揭示他的重罪,如以草覆盖般平息。
‘‘Satta adhikaraṇasamathā – uppannuppannānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ samathāya vūpasamāya sammukhāvinayo dātabbo, sativinayo dātabbo, amūḷhavinayo dātabbo, paṭiññāya kāretabbaṃ, yebhuyyasikā, tassapāpiyasikā, tiṇavatthārako.
“朋友们,以上这些便是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所善说的七法。于此,一切人应当齐声合诵……为了诸天神与人的利益、福利与安乐。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena satta dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.