结语注释
Nigamanakathāvaṇṇanā
34. 杂项抉择论解释 · 10 段
在尼干偈的第一首偈中,应这样连接理解:那位具足精进力的君王,想让正法久住、让教法光显,他劝请了我,于是我造了这部律集。
Nigamagāthāsu paṭhamagāthāyaṃ saddhammaṭṭhitikāmena sāsanujjotakārinā parakkamabāhunā narindena ajjhesito so ahaṃ vinayasaṅgahaṃ akāsinti yojanā.
在第二和第三偈里,应当这样连接起来理解:正是由那位具足精进力的国王亲自建造了这座精舍——它可爱又悦意,以百座宫殿装饰得极为庄严,以一百座宫殿庄严,到处散布着各种树木,是喜爱修习的人所安住的地方,也是乐于修习的比丘们的住处,还具足清凉的水;在名为祇园的祇园精舍中,我,就是那个住在其中或曾经住在其中的修行者,为了利益那些瑜伽行者,完成了这部具有精华、具足利益的律藏汇编。
Dutiyatatiyagāthāyaṃ teneva parakkamabāhunarindeneva kārite ramme ramaṇīye pāsādasatamaṇḍite pāsādānaṃ satena paṭimaṇḍite nānādumagaṇākiṇṇe bhāvanābhiratālaye bhāvanāya abhiratānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ālayabhūte sītalūdakasampanne jetavane jetavananāmake vihāre vasaṃ vasanto hutvā, atha vā vasaṃ vasanto sohaṃ so ahaṃ yogīnaṃ hitaṃ hitabhūtaṃ sāraṃ sāravantaṃ imaṃ īdisaṃ vinayasaṅgahaṃ akāsinti yojanā.
在其余偈颂中,通过这次造论,我所成就的福德,以及我在这造论之外所积累的其他福德,凭借这些福业,我将在第二世投生到三十三天,欢喜踊跃,乐于持戒与品行等功德,不贪著五欲,成为一位天子;证得最初之果——入流果之后,在最后一生中,见到世间最上者、众生的依怙、乐于利益一切众生的弥勒,那位名为弥勒的牟尼中最胜者、牟尼中尊;听闻那位智者宣说正法之后,证得最上之果——阿拉汉果,得以庄严并使人庄严如来的教法。这就是通行的解释。
Sesagāthāsu iminā ganthakaraṇena yaṃ puññaṃ mayhaṃ siddhaṃ, aññaṃ ito ganthakaraṇato aññabhūtaṃ yaṃ puññaṃ mayā pasutaṃ hoti, etena puññakammena dutiye attasambhave tāvatiṃse pamodento sīlācāraguṇe rato pañcakāmesu alaggo devaputto hutvā paṭhamaṃ paṭhamabhūtaṃ phalaṃ sotāpattiphalaṃ patvāna antime attabhāvamhi lokaggapuggalaṃ nāthaṃ nāthabhūtaṃ sabbasattahite rataṃ metteyyaṃ metteyyanāmakaṃ munipuṅgavaṃ muniseṭṭhaṃ disvāna tassa dhīrassa saddhammadesanaṃ sutvā aggaṃ phalaṃ arahattaphalaṃ adhigantvā labhitvā jinasāsanaṃ sobheyyaṃ sobhāpeyyanti ayaṃ pākaṭayojanā.
不过,如果按照这种解释,智者们并不接受这位阿阇梨尊者的说法。为什么呢?因为在这里,阿阇梨的愿望是:从这一生之后的第二生,在三十三天成为天子,证得入流果,然后在最后一生中,听闻弥勒世尊说法之后,证得阿拉汉果。这个愿望是不合理的。因为入流者不会再投生到七有以上;而三十三天的天神们,即使经过一百生、一千生、十万生,也等不到弥勒世尊出现的时候。如果有人辩解说“可以在中间投生到梵天界,然后在弥勒世尊的时代再成为人”,这样也说不通。因为已经往生梵天界的圣者们,不会再投生到欲界。在《阿毗达摩双论》中确实已经说过:“从色界死后投生到欲界的有情,只有七种随眠随增。”如果有人辩解说“就住在梵天界证得最高的果位”,但在阿阇梨的说法里看不到这一点,因为他说的是“要庄严如来教法”,所以只提到以比丘的身份。不是比丘身份就不能庄严教法。在《阿毗达摩义释》中——
Etissāya pana yojanāya sati ācariyavarassa vacanaṃ na sampaṭicchanti paṇḍitā. Kathaṃ? Ettha hi ito dutiyabhave tāvatiṃsabhavane devaputto hutvā sotāpattiphalaṃ patvā antimabhave metteyyassa bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā arahattaphalaṃ labheyyanti ācariyassa patthanā, sā ayuttarūpā hoti. Sotāpannassa hi sattabhavato uddhaṃ paṭisandhi natthi, tāvatiṃsānañca devānaṃ bhavasatenapi bhavasahassenapi bhavasatasahassenapi metteyyassa bhagavato uppajjanakālo appattabbo hoti. Athāpi vadeyya ‘‘antarā brahmaloke nibbattitvā metteyyassa bhagavato kāle manusso bhaveyyā’’ti, evampi na yujjati. Na hi brahmalokagatānaṃ ariyānaṃ puna kāmabhavūpapatti atthi. Vuttañhi abhidhamme yamakappakaraṇe (yama. 2.anusayayamaka. 312) ‘‘rūpadhātuyā cutassa kāmadhātuṃ upapajjantassa satteva anusayā anusentī’’ti. Athāpi vadeyya ‘‘brahmalokeyeva ṭhatvā aggaphalaṃ labheyyā’’ti, tathā ca ācariyassa vacane na dissati, ‘‘sobheyyaṃ jinasāsana’’nti vuttattā bhikkhubhūtattameva dissati. Na hi bhikkhubhūto sāsanaṃ sobhāpetuṃ sakkoti. Abhidhammatthavibhāvaniyañca –
“那时,那位清净心者正在弘扬他的教法;
愿我能见到他、敬奉他,他是我心中尊贵的舍利弗。”
‘‘Jotayantaṃ tadā tassa, sāsanaṃ suddhamānasaṃ; Passeyyaṃ sakkareyyañca, garuṃ me sārisambhava’’nti. –
这里说的就是“已成为比丘”这件事。假如有人这样说:“在中间阶段成为长寿的地居天,那时才成为人”,这样也不成立,因为已经是一位佛陀弟子中的圣者,不可能再成为另一位佛陀的弟子。然而,这位阿阇梨通达一切教典,造了许多论书,是许多造论长老的老师,也是他们老师的老师,因此这些偈颂不只是在这里安立,也在名为《义理阐明》的律注疏末尾安立了,所以这里必定有其道理,应当审察这件事。
Bhikkhubhūtameva vuttaṃ. Athāpi vadeyya ‘‘antarā dīghāyuko bhummadevo hutvā tadā manusso bhaveyyā’’ti, evampi ekassa buddhassa sāvakabhūto ariyapuggalo puna aññassa buddhassa sāvako na bhaveyyāti, ācariyo pana sabbapariyattidharo anekaganthakārako anekesaṃ ganthakārakānaṃ therānaṃ ācariyapācariyabhūto, tena na kevalaṃ idheva imā gāthāyo ṭhapitā, atha kho sāratthadīpanīnāmikāya vinayaṭīkāya avasāne ca ṭhapitā, tasmā bhavitabbamettha kāraṇenāti vīmaṃsitabbametaṃ.
或者,用这种方式……中略……成为天子后,先获得前面所说的果报——在三十三天乐于欢喜、戒行等功德,也就是所谓不执著五欲的利益;在最后身……中略……而庄严。或者,用这种方式……中略……不执著五欲,在最后身……中略……听闻正法后,先证得入流果,之后证得最上的阿拉汉果,庄严如来教法——这是句义连接。就像我们世尊开示转法轮经时,孔丹尼亚长老听闻后证得入流果,后来证得阿拉汉果,庄严了如来教法——这就是这里的意思。除此之外,还有其他符合长老说法的解释方式,智者应当自行思择。
Atha vā iminā…pe… devaputto hutvā paṭhamaṃ tāva phalaṃ yathāvuttaṃ tāvatiṃse pamodanasīlācāraguṇe rataṃ pañcakāmesu alaggabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ ānisaṃsaṃ patvāna antime attabhāvamhi…pe… sobheyyanti yojanā. Atha vā iminā…pe… pañcakāmesu alaggo hutvā antime attabhāvamhi…pe… saddhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭhamaṃ phalaṃ sotāpattiphalaṃ patvā tato paraṃ aggaphalaṃ arahattaphalaṃ adhigantvā jinasāsanaṃ sobheyyanti yojanā. Yathā amhākaṃ bhagavato dhammacakkappavattanasuttantadhammadesanaṃ sutvā aññātakoṇḍaññatthero sotāpattiphalaṃ patvā pacchā arahattaphalaṃ adhigantvā jinasāsanaṃ sobhesi, evanti attho. Ito aññānipi nayāni yathā therassa vacanānukūlāni, tāni paṇḍitehi cintetabbāni.