方法论母的解释
1. Nayamātikāvaṇṇanā
1“摄、非摄”等,就是依据这些项目,这部论典被说成是以十四种方式加以分别的。这一切又都按概说和详说分成两类。其中,论母就是概说。论母有五种:理法论母、内论母、理法门论母、相论母、外论母。其中,“摄、非摄……与不相应者摄、非摄”,这是由十四个词安立的,名为理法论母。这个论母是为了显示“界论诸法是依摄等理法而分别的”才安立的,所以称为理法论母。由于这些词是根本,也可以称为根本论母。
1.Saṅgahoasaṅgahotiādīnañhi vasena idaṃ pakaraṇaṃ cuddasavidhena vibhattanti vuttaṃ. Taṃ sabbampi uddesaniddesato dvidhā ṭhitaṃ. Tattha mātikā uddeso. Sā pañcavidhā – nayamātikā, abbhantaramātikā, nayamukhamātikā, lakkhaṇamātikā, bāhiramātikāti. Tattha saṅgaho asaṅgaho…pe… vippayuttena saṅgahitaṃ asaṅgahitanti – ayaṃ cuddasahi padehi nikkhittā nayamātikā nāma. Ayañhi iminā saṅgahādikena nayena dhātukathā dhammā vibhattāti dassetuṃ ṭhapitattā nayamātikāti vuccati. Etesaṃ padānaṃ mūlabhūtattā mūlamātikātipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati.
2. 内母注释
2. Abbhantaramātikāvaṇṇanā
2五蕴……中略……作意,这是由一百二十五个词安立出来的,名叫内论母。它并不是说“全部法集论都是界论的论母”,而是以摄等的方式,把应当分别的蕴等诸法按其自身的样子显示出来,并且安立在界论内部,所以称为内论母。由于蕴等这些词没有被法集论的论母所收摄,也可以称它为杂论母。
2.Pañcakkhandhā…pe… manasikāroti ayaṃ pañcavīsādhikena padasatena nikkhittā abbhantaramātikā nāma. Ayañhi ‘‘sabbāpi dhammasaṅgaṇī dhātukathāya mātikā’’ti evaṃ avatvā saṅgahādinā nayena vibhajitabbe khandhādidhamme sarūpato dassetvā dhātukathāya abbhantareyeva ṭhapitattā abbhantaramātikāti vuccati. Khandhādipadānaṃ dhammasaṅgaṇīmātikāya asaṅgahitattā pakiṇṇakamātikātipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati.
3. 理法门论母的解释
3. Nayamukhamātikāvaṇṇanā
3以三种方式摄,以三种方式不摄;以四种方式相应,以四种方式不相应——这就是由四个词所安立的,名为“理法门论母”。因为,在一切五蕴等以及善三法等论母法中,应当用蕴、处、界这三个词来配合摄与不摄;同样地,应当用四个无色蕴来配合相应与不相应。为了显示这些是摄、不摄等理法的门径,所以安立了它,因此称为理法门论母。
3.Tīhi saṅgaho, tīhi asaṅgaho; catūhi sampayogo, catūhi vippayogoti ayaṃ catūhi padehi nikkhittā nayamukhamātikā nāma. Ayañhi sabbesupi pañcakkhandhādīsu ceva kusalattikādīsu ca mātikādhammesu, tīhi khandhāyatanadhātupadeheva saṅgaho ca asaṅgaho ca yojetabbo. Tathā catūhi arūpakkhandhehi sampayogo ca vippayogo ca. Etāni imesaṃ saṅgahāsaṅgahādīnaṃ nayānaṃ mukhānīti dassetuṃ ṭhapitattā nayamukhamātikāti vuccati.
4. 相母的解释
4. Lakkhaṇamātikāvaṇṇanā
4“同类、异类”——这是用两个词安立的,名叫“相论母”。因为这是依同类相诸法来摄理的理法,依异类相诸法来不摄理的理法,同样也应配合相应与不相应的理法;为了依同类、异类之相显示摄等相,所以安立了它,因此称为相论母。
4.Sabhāgo, visabhāgoti ayaṃ dvīhi padehi nikkhittā lakkhaṇamātikā nāma. Ayañhi sabhāgalakkhaṇehi dhammehi saṅgahanayo, visabhāgalakkhaṇehi asaṅgahanayo, tathā sampayogavippayoganayo yojetabboti sabhāgavisabhāgalakkhaṇavasena saṅgahādilakkhaṇaṃ dassetuṃ ṭhapitattā lakkhaṇamātikāti vuccati.
5. 外论母的解释
5. Bāhiramātikāvaṇṇanā
5把整部《法集论》当作《界论》的论母,这就是把六十六组三法论母和两百组二法论母合在一起安立下来的,名叫“外论母”。因为它不像“五蕴……乃至……作意”那样放在《界论》内部来说,而是以“整部《法集论》”的形式放在《界论》论母之外,所以称为外论母。
5.Sabbāpi dhammasaṅgaṇī dhātukathāya mātikāti ayaṃ chasaṭṭhi tikapadāni, dve ca dukapadasatāni saṅkhipitvā nikkhittā bāhiramātikā nāma. Ayañhi ‘‘pañcakkhandhā…pe… manasikāro’’ti evaṃ dhātukathāya abbhantare avatvā ‘‘sabbāpi dhammasaṅgaṇī’’ti evaṃ dhātukathāya mātikato bahi ṭhapitattā bāhiramātikāti vuccati.
这样了解了论母以五种方式安立之后,现在在“摄、非摄”等当中,先说“摄”,它按种类、同生、作用、计数分为四种。
其中,“所有刹帝利都来,所有婆罗门都来,所有吠舍都来,所有首陀罗都来”,以及“毗舍佉贤友,正语、正业、正命,这些法摄在戒蕴里”——这叫作种类摄。就像在说“同一类的人都来”的地方一样,这里一切也都是按种类归为一个摄。
“所有憍萨罗人都来,所有摩揭陀人都来,所有婆卢迦车人都来”,以及“毗舍佉贤友,正精进、正念、正定,这些法摄在定蕴里”——这叫作同生摄。就像在说“在同一地方出生、在同一地方长大的人都来”的地方一样,这里一切也都是按同生之处、所住之地归为一个摄。
“所有象兵都来,所有马兵都来,所有车兵都来”,以及“毗舍佉贤友,正见、正思惟,这些法摄在慧蕴里”——这叫作作用摄。这些人全都是凭各自的作用而归为一个摄。
“眼处进入哪个蕴的计数?进入色蕴的计数。”如果眼处进入色蕴的计数,那就应当说“眼处被色蕴所摄”——这叫作计数摄。这里指的就是这一种。与它相反的,应当理解为非摄。由于它们的不同分别,就有“被摄的、非摄的”等等。
依同生、同灭、同依处、同所缘而相应,与此相反的,是不相应。由于它们的不同分别,就有“与相应的、不相应的”等等。由这两者的混合分别,就有“与所摄的相应、不相应”等等。
至于“五蕴”等等,则应当按蕴分别等当中所说的方式来理解。而这里说的触等法,则是依确定的方式,说为一切心生的共同法。
Evaṃ mātikāya pañcadhā ṭhitabhāvaṃ viditvā idāni ‘saṅgaho asaṅgaho’tiādīsu saṅgaho tāva jātisañjātikiriyāgaṇanavasena catubbidho. Tattha – ‘‘sabbe khattiyā āgacchantu, sabbe brāhmaṇā, sabbe vessā, sabbe suddā āgacchantu’’, ‘‘yā cāvuso visākha, sammāvācā, yo ca sammākammanto, yo ca sammāājīvo, ime dhammā sīlakkhandhe saṅgahitā’’ti ayaṃ jātisaṅgaho nāma. ‘‘Ekajātikā āgacchantū’’ti vuttaṭṭhāne viya hi idha sabbepi jātiyā ekasaṅgahaṃ gatā. ‘‘Sabbe kosalakā āgacchantu, sabbe māgadhakā, sabbe bhārukacchakā āgacchantu’’, ‘‘yo cāvuso visākha, sammāvāyāmo; yā ca sammāsati, yo ca sammāsamādhi, ime dhammā samādhikkhandhe saṅgahitā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.462) ayaṃ sañjātisaṅgaho nāma. ‘‘Ekaṭṭhāne jātā saṃvaḍḍhā āgacchantū’’ti vuttaṭṭhāne viya hi idha sabbepi sañjātiṭhānena nivutthokāsena ekasaṅgahaṃ gatā. ‘‘Sabbe hatthārohā āgacchantu, sabbe assārohā, sabbe rathikā āgacchantu’’, ‘‘yā cāvuso visākha, sammādiṭṭhi, yo ca sammāsaṅkappo, ime dhammā paññākkhandhe saṅgahitā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.462) ayaṃ kiriyāsaṅgaho nāma. Sabbeva hete attano kiriyākaraṇena ekasaṅgahaṃ gatā. ‘‘Cakkhāyatanaṃ katamakkhandhagaṇanaṃ gacchatīti? Rūpakkhandhagaṇanaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Hañci cakkhāyatanaṃ rūpakkhandhagaṇanaṃ gacchati, tena vata re vattabbe – ‘cakkhāyatanaṃ rūpakkhandhena saṅgahita’’nti (kathā. 471), ayaṃ gaṇanasaṅgaho nāma. Ayamidha adhippeto. Tappaṭipakkhena asaṅgaho veditabbo. Tesaṃ vikappato saṅgahitena asaṅgahitādīni. Ekuppādekanirodhaekavatthukaekārammaṇatāvasena sampayogo, tappaṭipakkhato vippayogo. Tesaṃ vikappato sampayuttena vippayuttādīni. Tadubhayasaṃsaggavikappato saṅgahitena sampayuttaṃ vippayuttantiādīni. Pañcakkhandhātiādīni pana khandhavibhaṅgādīsu vuttanayeneva veditabbāni. Phassādayo panettha sanniṭṭhānavasena vuttasabbacittuppādasādhāraṇato vuttāti.